2011高考英语难点突破5动词-ing形式的双重语法功能

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1、难点 5 动词-ing形式的双重语法功能 动词-ing形式可用作动名词和现在分词,动名词由动词+ing构成,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词有一般时和完成时,在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。 难点磁场 1.()Though_money,his parents managed to send him to university. A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 2.()How about the two of us_a walk down the garden? A.to take B.tak

2、e C.taking D.to be taking 3.()_is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk 4.()I must apologize for_ahead of time. Thats all right. A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know 案例探究 1.You were brave enough to

3、 raise objections at the meeting. Well,now I regret_that. A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 命题意图:考查学生对动词regret的掌握,属于四星级题目。 知识依托:regret doing结构表示后悔做了某件事。 错解分析:C项迷惑性较大。 解题方法与技巧:从对话所表达的内容来看,在会上提反对意见的人对其行为感到后悔。 答案:D 2._such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the

4、river. A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 命题意图:考查学生对分词的掌握,属于五星级题目。 知识依托:现在分词的完成时表示分词的动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前发生。 错解分析:B项迷惑性较大。现在分词的一般时表明分词表示的动作或状态和句子谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生或进行。 解题方法与技巧:分清现在分词的一般时和完成时所表示的含义不同。 答案:A 21世纪教育网 / 锦囊妙计 1.动名词 1)动名词的用法: 作主语。例如: Seeing is believing. Collecting informati

5、on is very important to business man. It is no use sitting here waiting. 注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。例如: Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火)来源:21世纪教育网 To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作) 但在it is no use/good,not any use /good,uselss等后一般用动名词。 作表语。例如: My job is

6、teaching English. 作宾语。例如: He is fond of playing football. He finished reading the book yesterday. 作定语,a sitting room 2)动名词的复合结构:动名词复合结构的一般规则是: 逻辑主语是有生命的名词:作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。例如: Their coming to help us was a great encour agement to us.(主语) She didnt mind Jack(him)coming la

7、te.(宾语) They insist on Toms(his)staying longer.(介宾) 逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用名词普通格。例如: Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时,只用普通格。例如: She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside. 3)动名词的时态:动名词的时态分一般时和完成时两种。如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示

8、出时间是与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之前发生,用动名词的一般时。例如: We are interested in collecting stamps. His coming will be of great help to us. 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常用动名词的完成时态。例如: We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 但是在某些动词或词组后,常用动名词的一般形式,尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。例如: On hearing the bad news,she couldnt

9、help crying. I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time。 4)动名词的语态:动名词的被动语态也有一般时与完成时两种。当主语是这个动名词所表示的动作对象时,动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being+过去分词”或“having been+过去分词”构成。例如: The young man came in without being noticed. He likes being helped. He was afraid of being left at home. The house showed no

10、 sign of having been damaged. 有些动名词在句中是主动形式,但有被动的含义。例如: The house requires/needs/wants repairing. 注:在to be worth doing句型中,动名词doing表示的是被动意义。例如: If a thing is worth doing,it is worth doing well. 2.分词 1)分词的时态和语态: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词有一般时和完成时。一般时表示和谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生的动作;完成时(having +过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。例

11、如: Being a student,he was interested in books. He hurried home,looking behind him as he went. Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the place very well. 现在分词有一般时和完成时,且有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态。如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用分词完成时的被动形式。例如: The question being discussed is of great import

12、ance.Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking. 过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,本身有被动的含义,所以只有一般式,没有完成时。 2)分词的用法: 作定语。分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。例如:21世纪教育网 China is a developing country.The man standing at the window is our teacher.Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples hea

13、lth. 注意:现在分词作定语时,表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。 如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。例如: The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 作状语:分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如: Being too old ,he couldnt walk that far. While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.(时间) The teache

14、r stood there surrounded by the students.(方式) Standing on the building,you can see the whole city. (条件) 注意:a.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。b.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。c.有时,“with(without)+名词(或代词宾语)+分词”的结构表示伴随情况。例如: The spy sat on the ground,his hands tied behind his back. d.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,分词必须有自己的主语。例如: Time permitting,I will finish another lesson.Her glasses broken,she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 作表语。例如: The news inspiring.You shouldnt

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