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1、被动语态一、概念： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是 动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作 不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词， 并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by 后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格） ，如不需要则可省略。4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成
2、： is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成： was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成： has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man -made satellites have been sent u
3、p into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成： will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Yo
4、ur homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成： am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词7. 不定式的被动语态： to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带 to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上 to。 例： make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to
5、 do somethingsee somebody do somethi ngsomebody +be +see n to do somethi ngA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The littmady twato heavy work by the boss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时， 可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语
6、作被动语态句子的主语。 使用直接宾语 （物 ）作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.t A book was give n to me by him.He showed me a ticket.t A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike.t A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can t laugh at hi
7、m.He can t be laughed at by us.He liste ns to the radio every day.The radio is liste ned to by him every day.The nurse is tak ing care of the sick man.The sick man is being take n care of by the nu rse.不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die（死亡 disappear （消失），end （vi. 结束）,fail, happen, last
8、, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep sile nee, lose heart, take place.女口： After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has rise n.（错）The accide nt was happe ned last week.（对
9、）The accide nt happe ned last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has bee n raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有 两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch , agreewith, arrive at / in,
10、 shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk in to, belong to 如：This key just fits the lock.被动语态练习、选择题）1.buildin our school last year? A.a new libraryD. Did; buildaccidenton this road last week.Is; built B. Was;bulit C. Does;）2. AnA. has been happened B. was happened C.
11、is happened）3.Cotton in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow）4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D.D. happenedwas visited）5.A talk on Chinese history given C. will be given D. gives ）6.How many trees this year?pla nted ）7
12、. A lot of C. has been ）8.Neither of A. is madethi ngsdone D. willthemB. are made）9.Look! A nice pictureA. is drawing B. is being）10. Your shoes. YouA. wear out B. worn outin the school hall next week.A. are planted B.to save the little girlby peoplebe donein China.C. were made D. made for our teach
13、er.drawn C. has been drawnwill plantnow. A.D .drawsneed a new pair.C. are worn out D. is wornA. is givenB. has beenC. have been planted D.are doing B. are being done( )11.The doctor for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasntsent()12.-When _ this kind of computers? -Last year.
14、A. did; use B. was; used C. is;used D. are; used( )13. The Great Wall all over the world.A. knows B.knew C . is known D. was known ( )14.I in summer.A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born ( )15.He says that Mr Zhang to the factory next week.A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be s
15、ent( )16.Who this book ? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was;written( )17.Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )18.A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )19.The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( )21.Older people well.A.looks after B. must be looked after
