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1、探究点三 语义推测题猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理 解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同 位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。【设问形式】1The underlined word“.” in the second(third.) paragraph refers to(means) .2By saying “.” in the first(second.) paragraph, the author means that .3In paragraph.，“.” can be
2、 replaced by “”4The meaning of “.” in paragraph.is related to .二、解题思路与应试技巧1根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该 词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, ea
3、rns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧羊人”。例1.In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping_points,_such as the melting( 融化 )of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.T
4、he underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “”Afreezing pointsBburning pointsCmelting points Dboiling points【解析】C 根据后一句的 such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. 可知 tipping points 的意思是“融点”。2.根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句
5、意进行猜测。例如：They traveled a long way, at last got to a_castle,_a large building in old times. 同位语部分 a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。 We are on the_night_shiftfrom midnight to 8 am. this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明 night shift 是“夜班”的意思。The “Chunnel”，a tunnel (隧道)connecting England an
6、d France, is now complete. 此句中 a tunnel connecting England and France 是 Chunnel 的同位语。由此可知， The “Chunnel” 就是英法之间的海底隧道。4根据因果关系进行猜测 在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后
7、面的结果“永远不能再运动”，可以推测 permanent 的意思是“永远的，永久的 ”。The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious_university,_they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed.学生认为考试分数低就不可能进入一所好大学，而没有“名校”的毕业文凭，将来生活中的很多大门 可能就会对
8、他们永远关闭。由此推知 a prestigious university 应是指名校，即 a famous university。5根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词 it, that, this, he, him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指 一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能 得出代词所指代的事。例如：However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of
9、scientists are seriously thinking about it.it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题(the question)o例 5 .To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The underlined word “it” in the second par
10、agraph refers to “”Aalcohol Babsorption Cblood Dprocess【解析】D 代词指代题。根据“To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or havi ng a cup of tea or coffee.” 可知排除 身体内的酒精是一个非常缓慢的过程，所以也不可能通过任何手段如洗澡或者喝一杯茶或咖啡加速 这个排除过程，这样
11、可以猜测出it指代排除身体内的酒精这一个过程，故选择D。6根据同义关系进行猜测当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由 此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr.Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer.This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his fut
12、ure.作者为避免重复使用endanger 一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.句中 detrimental 是个生词，但判断出 harmful 替代 detrimental 后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的， 有害的”。7根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后
13、句在意义上的差别，从而 依据某一句的含义来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如： She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but 一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”， 因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。8通过上下文理解猜测词义 通过上下文的具体信息猜测词义是目前高考阅读理解题中最常见的一种命题形式。例8.The familys old farm hou
14、se has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month.What does the word “residents” in paragraph 1 probably refer to?Achickens BtomatoesCgardens Dpeople【解析】 A 词义理解题。联系句子 The familys old farm house has become a chicken house，itsresidents arriving next month.我们知道，这里所说的“房子的居住者”就是这些小鸡。探究点四 推
15、理判断题一、题型特点与命题方式这类试题常以如下句式发问：1What can you conclude from this passage?2Whats the authors attitude towards.?3We can infer from the passage that.4Which statement is (not) true?二、解题思路与应试技巧考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信 息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖 掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看 法主观臆断。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态 度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题 思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用浏览的方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据 的位臵或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思 想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次
