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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The tragic impact of the modem city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetic. The material benefits of an affluent society have diverted his attention from his city and its cultural potentials to the products of science and technology washing m
2、achines, central heating, automatic cookers, television sets, computers and fitted carpets. He is, at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do. a car driver, and has never had it so good.He is reluctant to Walk. Statistics reveal that the distance he is prepared to walk from his parking place to
3、 his shopping center is very short. As there are no adequate off-street parking facilities, the cities are littered with kerb-parked cars and parking meters rear themselves everywhere. Congestion ha9 become the predominant factor in his environment and statistics suggest that two cars per household
4、system may soon make matters worse.In the meantime, insult is added to injury by “land value. The value of land results from its use: its income is derived from the service it provides. When its use is intensified, its income and its value increase. “Putting land to its highest and best use” becomes
5、 the principal economic standard in urban grown. This speculative approach and the pressure of increasing population lead to the “vertical” growth of cities with the result that people are forced to adjust themselves to congestion in order to maintain these relatively artificial land values. Paradox
6、ically the remedy for removing congestion is to create more of it.Partial decentralization, or rather, pseudo-decentralization in the form of large development units away from the traditional town centers, only shifts the disease round the anatomy of the town: if it is not combined with the remodeli
7、ng of the towns transportation system it does not cure it. Here the engineering solutions are strongly affected by the necessity for complicated intersections which in rum, are frustrated by the extravagant cost of land.It is within our power to build better cities and revive the civic pride of thei
8、r citizens, but we shall have to stop operating on the fringe of the problem. We shall have radically to replan them to achieve a rational density of population. We shall have to provide in them what can be called minimum “psychological elbow room.” One of the ingredients of this will be proper tran
9、sportation plans. These will have to be an integral part of the overall planning process which in itself is a scientific process where facts are essential. We must collect, in an organized manner, all and complete information about the city or the town, if we want to plan effectively.The principal u
10、nit this process is “I M” (one man). We must not forget that cities are built by people, and that their form and shape should be subject to the will or the people. Scientific methods of data collection and analysis will indicate trends, but they will not direct action. Scientific methods are only an
11、 instrument. The man-educated man, the human will have to set the target, and using the results obtained by science and his own engineering skill: take upon himself the final shaping of his environment. He will have to use his high moral sense of responsibility to the community and to future generat
12、ions.1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that people in old times（ ） .2.The highly-developed technology has made man（ ） .3.The drastic increase of land value in the city（ ） .4.The expansion of big cities to the distant suburban areas may（ ） .5.The author suggests that the remodeling of cit
13、ies must（ ） .问题1选项A.paid more attention to material benefitsB.had a stronger sense of beautyC.were more desirous about the development of science and technologyD.enjoyed more freedom and democracy问题2选项A.increasingly industriousB.free from inconvenienceC.excessively dependent on external aidsD.able t
14、o save his physical strength问题3选项A.is the good result of economic developmentB.offers more opportunities to land dealersC.is annoyingly artificial and meaninglessD.fortunately leads to the “vertical” growth of cities问题4选项A.solve the problem of city congestionB.result in the remodeling of the towns t
15、ransportation systemC.bring the same congestion to the suburban areasD.need less investment on land问题5选项A.put priority to the benefit of the future generationsB.be focused on people rather than on economyC.be economically profitable to land ownersD.resort to scientific methods【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:
16、C第5题:B【解析】1.根据文章第一句The tragic impact of the modem city on the human being has killed his sense of aesthetic. 现代城市对人类产生的悲剧性影响己经扼杀了人类的审美意识。所以推断他认为古时候的人的审美意识更强一些。B选项有更强的审美观正确。2.根据第一段的后半部分和第二段的前两句中He is, at the moment, drunk with democracy, well-to-do. a car driver, and has never had it so good. He is reluctant to walk.
