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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three tho
2、usand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals harm a nonsmokers health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their o
3、pinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smok
4、e in restaurants, hotels, and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at le
5、ast one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they a
6、re adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1.It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in American （ ）.2.Non-smokers get harmed by smokers（ ）.3.Which of the following statement is NOT true?4.Which o
7、f the following is not listed as a negative effect imposed by secondhand smoking on children?5.Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greatest extent?问题1选项A.because of smokingB.though they dont smokeC.because their parents smokeD.though their parents dont smoke问题2选项A.because o
8、f the poisonous smoke they breathe inB.if they live togetherC.when there is no non-smoking area in the public utilitiesD.though the poisonous chemicals contained in the smoke dont harm them问题3选项A.Non-smokers may be passively involved in secondhand smoking.B.Some non-smokers may die of lung cancer be
9、cause of secondhand smoking.C.We all, more or less, suffer from secondhand smoking.D.Secondhand smoking is even more harmful than smoking itself.问题4选项A.They are more likely to be sick.B.They are more likely to develop mental disease.C.They tend to have the bad affect as they grow up.D.They are more
10、likely to develop lung cancer.问题5选项A.Children under the age of five living in homes with no smokers.B.Children under the age of five living in homes with one parent smoking.C.Children under the age of five living in homes with two parents smoking.D.Children under the age of five living away from the
11、ir parents.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求推断美国53,000人死亡的原因。根据关键词fifty-three thousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，这些人的死因是由于exposure to secondhand smoke，即“暴露于二手烟中”，由此可以推断死亡者本人不抽烟，故B项“尽管他们不吸烟”正确。而A项“由于吸烟”和C项“因为他们的父母吸烟”明显错误；D选项“尽管他们的父母不抽烟”属于过度推断。因此本题正确答案为B项。2.细节事实题。根据题干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根据下一句.alm
12、ost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not可知，不管我们有没有意识到，我们几乎都吸入烟草的烟，所以非吸烟者身体受损的原因是“因为他们吸入有毒的烟”，故A项正确。B选项原文没有提及，C选项与第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D选项根据第二段第三句“甚至非吸烟者身体内有过量的这些化学物质”可以排除。3.细节事实题。题干要求找出错误选项。A选项“非吸烟者也许会被动吸入二手烟”，根据常识可判断正确；根据第一段最后一句可知非吸烟者可能死于二手烟，所以B选项“有些非吸烟者可能因为吸二手烟而死于肺癌”正确；根
13、据第二段 almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not可知，C选项“我们都多多少少遭受二手烟的痛苦”正确；D选项“二手烟比抽烟本身伤害更大”在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有。因此本题答案为D项。4.细节事实题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪一个不是二手烟对孩子的消极影响。根据题干定位至原文最后一段。由these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes可知，这些孩子比
14、家里没有人吸烟的更容易生病，故A选项正确，可排除；B选项“他们更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根据原文倒数第三句可知，C选项“孩子们长大了也会受二手烟的影响”正确，可排除。根据原文最后一句“父母吸烟的孩子长大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸烟的孩子的两倍多”可知，D选项“一些非吸烟者可能由于二手烟死于肺癌”正确， 可排除。故本题正确答案为B。5.推理判断题。题干要求判断以下那种孩子受二手烟的伤害最大。根据关键词children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽烟的孩子患肺癌的风险更高”。A选项为“5岁以下生活在无人抽烟的家庭的孩子”；B选项为“5岁以下生活在父亲或母亲一方抽烟的家庭的孩子”；C选项为“
15、5岁以下生活在父母都抽烟的家庭的孩子”；D选项“5岁以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本题正确答案为C项。2. 单选题Physics is（ ）to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.问题1选项A.alikeB.equivalentC.likelyD.uniform【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。alike“相同的，相似的”；equivalent“相等的，相同的”；likely “可能的，预料的，有希望的”；uniform “一致的，统一的”。句意：物理学也相当于一门科学，在历史上这门科学被称为自然哲学。根据Physics和science 之间的逻辑关系可知B项符合题意，因此选B。3. 单选题The ultimate goal of the suicide bomber is to force a reaction on the part of the soldiers targeted by the attack, to make them see the civilian population around them as a potential enemy, and respond accordingly. When every
