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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The costs associated with natural disasters are increasing rapidly. As a result, officials in government and industry have focused more attention on disasters and their effects. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has estimated that disasters
2、cost the country about $1 billion per week. Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest flood of 1993, and the Hanshin earthquake have shown that individual disasters can cost tens if not hundreds of billions of dollars. This increasing cost has resulted in greater funding from government and industry for the dev
3、elopment of technologies related to disaster prediction, and has led to more research into the effective use of predictive information.The insurance industry has long been aware of the dangers of natural disasters; the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, California, bankrupted scores of insurance comp
4、anies. But the industry has focused particular attention on disaster prediction in recent years, as spiraling costs revealed that many companies had underestimated their financial exposure. For instance, prior to Hurricane Andrew in 1992, many insurance experts thought that the worst hurricane possi
5、ble would do no more than $8 billion in damages to the industry. The damages caused by Hurricane Andrew, estimated at about $17 billion, shattered these beliefs. Today, estimates of worst-case disaster scenarios approach $100 billion.The insurance industry has therefore increased its support for res
6、earch into disaster prediction. One such effort involves a number of companies that have joined together to support the Bermuda-based Risk Prediction Initiative, which funds disaster research. The expectation is that the resulting information will place the industry on a more solid foundation to mak
7、e decisions about the risk of future disasters. The industry has also lobbied for the government to bear some of the financial burden of disaster insurance. Such a program already exists for flood insurance, set up in the late 1960s by the federal government to insure flood-prone areas. These types
8、of programs, effectively implemented, could be increasingly necessary in the future to make insurance available in areas prone to disasters.Because the stakes are so high, the science of disaster prediction has a bright future. The various projects and programs illustrate that disaster prediction is
9、 a topic of concern to scientists and policy makers alike. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes all show that the effective use of disaster predictions not only requires advanced technology but also requires that society consider the entire process of prediction foreca
10、sts, communication, and use of information. Because they cannot predict the future with certainty, and because much remains to be learned, scientists warn that society must understand the limits of scientific predictions and be prepared to employ alternatives. Wisely used, however, disaster predicti
11、on has the potential to reduce societys vulnerability to natural disasters.1.The result of the increasing costs in natural disasters is （ ）.2.The difference between the actual loss caused by Hurricane Andrew and the loss estimated by insurance companies before the hurricane is （ ）.3.The purpose of i
12、nsurance companies to support disaster prediction research is that （ ）.4.The word “tsunamis” (Line 3, Para. 4) most likely refers to （ ）?5.The key factor to reduce societys vulnerability to natural disasters is （ ）.问题1选项A.great loss suffered by commercial companiesB.governments increased attention o
13、n disasterC.individuals awareness to natural disastersD.more funds to support the prediction research问题2选项A.1 billion dollarsB.8 billion dollarsC.9 billion dollarsD.17 billion dollars问题3选项A.companies want to make money from the insured placesB.companies may thus have a better idea of the future risk
14、sC.companies can get more sympathies from the governmentD.companies intend to make use of peoples trust in the industry问题4选项A.violent storm with whirling winds in the funnel-shaped cloudB.a series of huge and destructive waves, usually caused by large earthquakes beneath the oceanC.mountain from whi
15、ch lava, cinders, steam, gases escape through openings in the earths crustD.storm with a violent wind, esp. a cyclone in the West Atlantic问题5选项A.insurance companies should be wise enough in their estimates of lossesB.the government should bear some of the financial risks of disaster insuranceC.the g
16、eneral public should be made fully aware of the possible damagesD.technology should be improved and three phases of prediction be considered【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词the increasing cost可以定位到原文首段“This increasing cost has resulted in greater funding from government and industry for the development of technol
