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1、代词 代词是指代替名词短语的词，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词按其意义，特征以及在句中的作用可分为八类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，疑问代词，相互代词，关系代词和不定代词。人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词 性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirs
2、themselves一人称代词1第一人称单数I代表说话者，须大写。如：Thats what I want.那就是我想要的。2当句中同时有几个人称代词出现时，一般是按you, he, I排列，如：You and I both enjoy music.3人称代词做主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格，作表语时用宾格较多。He is a doctor.Do you know him?4 特殊用法的人称代词ita) 作无人称动词的主语，表示天气，时间，距离，但此时的it，并不译为“它”。如：It was raining yesterday.What time is it? Its six thirty.b)
3、作先行词，引导非谓语动词或从句It is good for your health to do morning exercises.c) 用作形式宾语（代替不定式短语，动名词，宾语从句等真正宾语）。We find it very important to learn English well.d) 某些结构惯用it 作主语It doesnt matter whether you go or not.It 作先行词的强调结构。英语常用的强调结构是：It is (was)+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+who(that) 。 一般说来，被强调部分指人时用who. 指物时用that.It is n
4、ot I who feels tired.It was a toy plane that he chose at last.注：特指不明身份的人，也用it 指代。Who is this in Picture Two? Its Sun Wukong.“Who is knocking at the door?” “I think its Li Lei.”二物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可称为代词属格。它分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。1.形容词性物主代词通常修饰名词，做定语。 His bike is blue.与own 连用表示强调。 I saw it with my own ey
5、es.2. 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语和宾语。This is your eraser. Mine is on the desk.3 名词性物主代词常用于双重属格，与of连接且用于祝愿语等句中。 如：She is a friend of mine.注：名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别：This is my bag.This bag is mine.三 反身代词反身代词表示谓语动词的动作返回行为主体本身，或起强调作用；它与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。在人称，性别，数上应保持一致。反身代词用作宾语，表语和同位语。1 作动词宾语We teach ourselves English.2 用
6、作介词宾语The young man is old enough to take care of himself.3 作表语That poor boy was myself.4 作同位语The young people themselves have learned English.5 用于固定习语dress oneself call oneself help oneself四 指示代词指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词，包括：this, these, those, such等。它在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。形容词性用法是作定语，而名词性用法是作主语，宾语，表语。1 作主语These ar
7、e my books and those are his books.2 作宾语We will do that.3 作表语 My idea is that.4 作定语I like those children.5 指示代词的用法 this these 指近的事物，that those 指远的事物This is a map of China. That is a map of America.6 such 的用法a.表示“如此，这样的人或事”在句中作主语或定语Such was what he wanted to tell me.b. such常用于结构such(a/an)(adj.)+名词中。I
8、t is such a fine day that wed all like to have a walk outside.五疑问代词who(whom),whose, what, which 称为疑问代词，用来构成特殊疑问句。1who, what的用法who 多指姓名、关系等，what多指职业、地位等。-Who is the woman in green? -She is my aunt.-What is the girl? -She is a bookseller.2. who, which 的用法 who指人，它所指的对象没有范围限制，可以是一个或几个人。而which可以指人或物，它所指的
9、对象有范围限制，只能是一个或一类。Who broke that window? Which of the TV plays do you like best?3.what, which的用法what指的事物无范围限制，侧重于种类，which指的事物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个What sport do you like best?Which sport do you like best?4. whose, whom的用法whose是who的属格，用于指示所有者，whom是who的宾格，用于指示对象。Whom are they talking about?Whose umbrella is that
10、?六相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。在现代英语中，each other 和one another在用法上没有什么区别。一般认为each other多用于非正式文体，而one another则多用于较正式文体。在句中，相互代词可用作宾语、定语等Dont talk to each other(one another).We must help one another.They know each others favorite(s).七关系代词关系代词有who, whose, whom. that, which, as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。缩合连接代词也属于关系代词范畴，这种代词主要有
11、：what, who, that, whatever, whoever, whichever等，多用以引导名词性从句。What I want is money.Who he likes is not me.八不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。1不定代词的分类普通不定代词包括some, any, no及其构成的复合不定代词something, anyone, nothing, someone等。个体代词包括all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, half以及every构成的复合不定代词。数量代词包括m
12、any, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of, a great deal, a great many2. 不定代词的用法some, someone, somebody, something一般用于肯定句We can speak some Japanese.There is something wrong with her computer.any, anyone, anybody, anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中There isnt any food or drinks in the fridge.I d
13、idnt know anything about it until he told me.no, no one, nobody, nothing一般用于句中表示否定意义I have no watch.Nobody can help him.One不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数名词。代表复数时可以用ones.Here are two sweaters. The blue one is his. Mine is the black one.I like small cars better than large ones.None通常只用作名词，在句中
14、作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何（人或物）”，既可指人，亦可指物。None后常跟of短语，其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。None of them knows the answer to the question.Both, allBoth指两个人、物或群体，all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。My parents are both teacher.All of my friends are football fans.Every, eachEach一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个别，every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。另
15、外，each和every均常用于修饰单数可数名词。Every还可以构成复合代词everyone, everybody, everything.Each child gets one apple.Every student went to the park.Other, anotherOther具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，也可指物。Other常与定冠词the连用。不定冠词an与other连用则组成another.Other:只作形容词或代词（不可单独作代词用），表示“其他的，别的”。Have you any other questions?The other:作形容词或代词，特指另一个或另一部分，也指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分One of my socks is here, the other is in the bed.
