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1、ar Twai MarkTwain(1835 19l0） is great literary gnt ofmerca，hoH. Mnken consiered “the tre fahr oour aonalliterature.”With works lik Advenure of Huckleberr i （1884)and ife n theMississippi (188) Twan shape the worlds viewof Amerca nd made aore xtensiecombnaionofAmerica folk ur ndios literarthanprevous
2、writers hd eve doe.1riefInrdutiotthe AMak win,Pen nme ofSamul Lnghrne Clmens, wa bornon November 0, 1835,in Misouri, ad ew uin t rive annibl Afterhsaher died, he begntosek i ownfotune.He oce o as journeymn pnter, atemboat pit,aewsppe colnis ad as a deadpan lcrer. wains riting ook the orm o humorosjo
3、urnism ofthe tie， nd ennabled h to msterthe tehnue of naraio.Tai gew up i Hnbal, issoi, which provded t ttingforHucklebry Fin and To awyerAte n arntcesh tha prir,hwoedas typesetean coribuericls o his oldrbrotrOrionewspaperH ater becam a rierboat pilot nthe Misispi Riverbeforheading wtojin Ooni Nevad
4、a. Herefeehumroslytohi singa lako scess at nn，turnig turnaiforthe Virgina City Teritoril erprs. In1865,hi hmooustory, “Th Celbrated JupingFrg fCvras County”s pulshd,based on stoyhe hrda Anels Htel in Angels Cap Caiornia where he had spent so tm sa miner. The shor story bught internationlention， eve
5、being rnslate o assi Gek. Hi wit nd stir, in prseand in se,earned pase fr riis andpeers, anhe as afriend to presdents, artsts, indsaists, and Euroean ryalyThough Twa arneda gradea of moey r is wrtinsand ecture, h iested in ventures tha los a great deaof mney， noabl the aige omposir， whhfied becauof
6、iscompxityad imprcision. Inth ake oftese finacal setbcks eled for rtectin fm hsredtos via barpy filing， and wththhep ofHenry ttlston Rgers eventuy ovrcae hs fincal toube. Twain hos ay all his pre-nkrupcy reditors n ful, tou he hd no responsibilty odo thisunr the la.Twain wa borhotl afer a vist by Ha
7、lle Come, andhe predcte tathe would “o outwit it,” to.e dd th day follwing the ces sequnt trn.Hwa lades te“retestAmerican humos f his age,”adillimaulkner cle wan “the fater ofAmercanliteatue.”2.Mrk Twansmajo rk l86, he pubis his fontier tle “TeClerae Jumpg Frog of Calvrs Cont,” whichbought him recog
8、nition fom a widerpublic Buthi ful literarycaeer bgn to blom n 1869 ith travelbooInnocs rd, n ccun of Amrcn touist n Eurpewhicpok fnathepretentious, decadentand undemoratic Old Wrld i satrialtone. ark Twainsbest rks werpred whe he wa nte primeof hi le. ll tese aswork drew un te sceneand emon f his o
9、yhood n yoth The firstamog hese booksisRoughing t (12), i whichwai dscres joure thatworksis wafarher westLife ontheisissppi tell a sty of is boyhoo amitoo beom a ierboatpoTwoof the est ookdurgtis perio a Thdvetures o m Sayer（87）and dventuresof Hucklebery Fin. The foer i usallyegade as a clasic bok w
10、ritten orboy abotthe pticuar horr nd js， hilethe later， e bys ook peiallyitten fortelts, is Twains most rreentatie wor, descibing jrne don th Mississippiunderaen b two fugitie,Hck andJimThr pisodsetof encontsresets asampe of he soiaorl rom the bank of h rivetha runs trough t hert f th cntry. His sci
11、l satire is The Gildedge， wrtn i collaboaton with harles Ddleyarner. henvel xplord e scruplus indiidualismiorld offantatc eclaion adunsbleaus, andgeits t t gt-rch-qick yas f t post-Civil Wa era wansdarkview of t soieybecam mre self-evdent n te wos publishdteri hi lfe.IA Connecticut YakeeinKingArhurs
12、 Cot(1889), arable of lnilizaion. A silrmod depair prmeate The Tedy oPuddnhadWilson (894),whih sws the disstros efectso avry othe viimizr and he vitalikerevelst us aak Twi whoe cnscienc a white ouhrrwa trmntedby eara remoe. yth u of the centry, wih th ublication fThe anth Corrupted Halebr (l900) and The Mserios trange (116）， techang n Mrk Twi from an optimistto an almostdespan psimist oul b fe d hiyncimadilusionnwthwh Twan referred oreguly as the “dane human race”
