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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Can you give me another hint without _ the answer?问题1选项A.giving offB.giving awayC.giving upD.giving in【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项giving off“发出”；B选项giving away“泄露”；C选项giving up“放弃”；D选项giving in“屈服”。句意：你能在不告诉我答案的情况下再给我一个提示吗？本句表示泄露答案。因此B选项正确。2. 翻译题I came across an old cou
2、ntry guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on ones own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that
3、 the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local groce
4、rs shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing (排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal servi
5、ce has a substantial cash value.【答案】有一天，我看到了一本旧的乡村指南。它列出了我所在地区每个村庄的所有商人，看到在维多利亚时代晚期的乡村，人们在自己的家门口就能得到各种各样的服务，令人印象深刻。如今，一个肤浅的英国农村旅行者可能会得出结论，唯一仍然繁荣的乡村商人要么是向居民出售冷冻食品，要么是向游客出售古董。然而，这确实会是一个错误的印象。诚然，乡村商业已经萎缩，但其活力仍然显著。例如，我们当地的杂货店，尽管有来自最近的城镇的超市的竞争，但实际上正在扩大。妇女们更愿意去那里，在购物的同时交流当地的新闻，而不是在超市排队。而老板很清楚，个人服务具有相当大的现金
6、价值。3. 单选题The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government has assumed a greatly changed rol
7、e in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “
8、industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”. Outside of this in
9、dustrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, professional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and most personal and domestic services.The classical economic laws of supply and demand still apply to some degree. But today the industrial sector is characterized f
10、ar more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corporations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item are made well in advance. Such
11、 plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty, market forces are avoided by various means. For example, the corporation may achieve “vertical integration” by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and distribution outlets at the oth
12、er. Corporations may agree on “just prices” for things they buy and sell. They may enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with suppliers and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state.1. The American giant corporations possess so many new
13、characteristics that _.2. By the second paragraph, we know that _.3. From the whole passage, we can infer that American economy _.4. In the third sentence of last paragraph, the second “it” may refer to _.5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A.highly educated managers are i
14、mportant for the corporationsB.giant corporations become decentralizedC.economic laws of the market are effective inside corporationsD.heads of the giant corporations try to control the government问题2选项A.retail trade accounts for a big part in non-industrial systemB.there are more giant corporations
15、than agricultural enterprisesC.giant corporations control every part of American economyD.giant corporations provide most of productions and services问题3选项A.is experiencing the rise of giant corporationsB.is determined by hundreds of giant corporationsC.has failed to balance supply and demandD.becomes highly-planned one问题4选项A.classic economic law of supply and demandB.industrial sectorC.American economyD.market force问题5选项A.American economy is characterized by high technology and giant corporations.B.American economy consists of industrial systems and agricultural en
