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1、1. IntroductionIntercultural communication is a form of global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communicative problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. It seeks to underst
2、and how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them.For the world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds, various cultural conflicts
3、 in communication appear nearly everywhere in the communication between people from different cultural background. It is urgent for researchers to be aware of those conflicts and try different communicative methods to solve them in order to have a better communication in different social affairs. Th
4、e writer does several research about different bibliography and make a conclusion from those documents in intercultural communication with the aim of finding effective methods to solve Chinese-Western cultural conflicts in intercultural communication.The paper describes five types of cultural confli
5、cts in intercultural communication and offers three strategies of dealing with these cultural conflicts. It first focuses on culture because it has a significant influence on intercultural communication. The definition and characteristics are both mentioned. Then we comes to five different types of
6、cultural conflicts. They are affective conflict, cognitive conflict, value conflict, goal conflict and conflict of interest. Next we have the analysis of causes of those cultural conflicts. At last, the essay offers two strategies and two skills for dealing with cultural conflicts. They are clearnes
7、s with conflicts, familiarity with other cultures, planning and asking questions 2. CultureIntercultural communication may be said to occur when people of different cultural backgrounds interact, but this definition seems simplistic. To properly define intercultural communication, it is necessary to
8、 understand the world “culture”, for culture is often considered the core concept in intercultural communication.2.1 DefinitionWu and Yan (2009) said that, culture belongs to the mental wealth and the material wealth which are created by human. However, what is the correct definition of culture? Def
9、initions of culture are numerous. E. B. Tylor, for example, a nineteenth-century anthropologist who provided one of the earliest formal definitions of the term, describes culture as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits
10、 acquired by man as a member of society” (Lustig & Koester, 1999: 28)Martin and Nakayama (2005: 27) define culture as learned patterns of perception, values and behaviors, shared by a group of people, that is also dynamic and heterogeneous. However, Lustig and Koester (1999: 30) define culture as a
11、learned set of shared interpretation about beliefs, values and norms, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.According to Varner and Beamer (2005: 5), culture is the coherent, learned and shared view of a group of people about lifes concern that ranks what is important, fur
12、nishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior.“Culture is like the water fish swim in a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. It is in the air we breathe and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the
13、 property of a community of people, not simply a characteristic of individuals.” (Varner & Beamer, 2005: 5)Samovar, Porter and Stefani (2000: 36) define culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spa
14、tial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.2.2 Characteristics of culture Regardless of so many definitions we have examined, there would have been a great deal of agreement concerning the m
15、ajor characteristics of culture. Examining these characteristics will help us become better communicators for two reasons. First, as we move through these characteristics, the strong connection between culture and communication will become apparent. Second, since culture is in the taken-for-granted
16、realm and below the conscious level, learning about culture can therefore be a stimulating awakening as you convey meaning in intercultural communication so that cultural conflicts can be better aware.2.2.1 Culture is Learned.Culture is not something we are born with; rather, it is learned. “All of us are born with basic needs needs that create and shape behavior but how we go about meeting those needs and developing behaviors to cope with
