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1、新版八年级英语下册第1-第10单元知识点总结Unit 1 Whats the matter? 一、基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？解析matter/ mt /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？注： matter 和trouble 为名词, 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是adj. 不能加the用法用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时, 与介词with连用.即
2、： Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold.我感冒了.have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ache疼痛构成
3、新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词,意为 太. ,too much+名词,意为 很多,大量 .5. enough形容、副词足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后.good enough足够好,enough money=much money6. lie down躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay；lie说谎,过去式lied7. maybe 或许,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子.Maybe you are ri
4、ght.may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为可能,也许,后加名词、代词或形容词.He may be angry.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词,听起来,好像,The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need do
5、ing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off 下公交车 get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同； agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.12. trouble问题,麻烦 ；be in trouble遇到麻烦,make trouble 制造麻烦 ,have trouble doing sth. =have difficulties doing sth做.有麻烦. 1
6、3. right away=right now=at once,意为 马上 .14. advice 不可数名词劝告,建议,向征求意见, give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.复习exercise 练习、锻炼当exercise意为练习时,为可数名词 即可加s当exercise意为锻炼时,为不可数名词 即不加s16. hurt 与物动词,使疼痛,受伤,He hurt his leg while exercising. 不与物动词,部位疼. His l
7、eg hurt badly.clean 动词打扫,clean the classroom打扫教室,形容词 干净的 ,cleaner意为 清洁工 .18. hit 用手或器具打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事,强调状态；His grandpa was
8、used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯,逐渐适应强调过程、动作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 复习free 形容词空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free动词使解脱,得到自由：He could n
9、ot free his arm.run out用完,用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out. 某物用尽了. 人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物.He run out of all his money last night.22. risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of sth.做某事的重要性 We stud
10、ents should know the importance of English. importance n. 重要性, important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的decision 名词决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定 ;make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. .25. be in the control of 掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制,无法管理 be
11、 under control被控制住,在控制之中26. 复习mind意为 介意 ,mind doing sth. 介意做某事 , Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up sth. 放弃做某事,give up computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily.二、重点语法反身代词英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致.数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself hersel
12、f itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves用法1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物. 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物. 如： She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气.如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himse
13、lf last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中. / look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用随便吃/喝些. hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己提醒1. 反身代词不能单独做主
14、语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用. 如：我自己能完成作业.误Myself can finish my homework. I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示某人自己不能表示某人的东西,因为它没有所有格的形式.表达某人自己的东西时,须要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画.误Im drawing with myself crayons. Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1. sick 生病的,有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 区别illill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语,不做定语.Mary could not come be
