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1、英美社会与文化学生姓名： 余 利 院 (系)： 机械工程学院 专业班级： 机械s101 教 师： 李泽娟 UKI. British Education System 1. The purpose of the British education system To provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society and also to socialize children, teaching those rules and v
2、alues needed to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.2. The present education system - pre-primary schooling (up to age 5) nursery schools ; day care; play groups- primary schooling (5-11, 6 years) mainl
3、y state sector, co-educational / mixed primary schools- secondary schooling (11- around19, 7 years) comprehensive schools (90%; admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education, teaching students everything from academic subjects like literature to more pr
4、actical subjects like cooking) ;grammar schools ( select children at the age 11 through an examination called “the 11-plus”, in which those who get the highest marks go to grammar schools; lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensives and ex
5、pect many of their pupils to go on to universities; the grammar school/non-grammar school division is still common in Northern Ireland, but throughout the rest of Great Britain grammar schools are becoming increasingly rare).After 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, except Scottish stud
6、ents, the students sit their GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education) then they can 1）quit school; 2）or prepare to sit university entrance exams;3）or concentrate on vocational training.- higher education Only one privately funded university: the University of Buckingham; Oldest univer
7、sities: Oxford (12th C.); Cambridge (13th C.); St Andrews , Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen from 14th and 15th centuries.II. SportsMany international sports were introduced by the British who take their leisure time very seriously. There is widespread participation in sport in Britain.1. Football in
8、 BritainFootball was invented in Britain. It is a rough fast game played in winter and early spring. Legends hold that it derived from the “sport” of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. Today, it is one of the most popular sports in Britain. Milli
9、ons of people watch the FA Cup games. But in recent years, people are much concerned about football violence. The FA Cup is the trophy title for a series of games played by major member teams of the Football Association. Over 20 million tickets are sold to FA games each season. And sometimes, suppor
10、ters of rival teams clash violently before, during and after the matches.2. TennisA more gentle sport played by people in early summer. It was invented in Britain and owes its origins to the church. As early as the mid-fifteenth century, people were playing a game called “tenys” around their local c
11、hurches or cathedrals. The most famous tennis event in the world, the annual international tennis championships, takes place in Wimbledon every year.Wimbledon is a suburb in London. It is the place where the worlds best players gather to compete in the annual international tennis championship. It is
12、 one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.3. Cricket: A most popular sport in summer. It was also one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally. As ea
13、rly as 1787, the rules were fixed. It is a quite distinctive sport in many ways:1) the players wear white trousers and appear quite formally dressed; 2) matches do not last just a few hours and they can go on for days. Cricket has much influence on British peoples life, which is often believed to be
14、 associated with a set of English moral values such as “fair play”.III. MusicIn the early 1960s a new pop culture- “beat” emerged in Britain. The people responsible for this new pop culture were four Liverpool boys who joined together in a group and called themselves the Beatles.Unlike the famous so
15、lo stars who had their songs written for them, the Beatles wrote their own words and music. They wrote not only of love, but of death and old age, poverty and daily life. The Beatles had a close personal relationship with their audience, and they expected them to join in. They finally won the affection - and admiration- of people of all ages and social background.USAI. Location and Size1. The full name of the United States is the United States of America. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico
