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1、Week 2MondayTask 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2016江苏，C)El Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm
2、 water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study f
3、ound that a strong Nio in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry fore
4、sts are in flames.A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio，in 199798，killed around 21，000 people and cause
5、d damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing
6、risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is
7、followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country，the stronger t
8、he link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reduci
9、ng their losses needs to be the priority.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。1What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fis
10、h around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案D细节判断题。根据第一段中的El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象引起水流方向的改变。2What may E
11、l Nios bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BDroughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案C事实细节题。根据第二段中的Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，
12、on balance，than they lose.可知，富裕国家的收获要比损失大。3The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _Amore investment should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nio deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first答案A推理判断题。根据第四段中的however，j
13、ust 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance可判断出，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。4What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nio and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nio.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nio.DTo urge pe
14、ople to prepare for El Nio.答案D目的意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk.可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是督促人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。Task 2：词汇积累1normally adv.正常地2the other way round相反3bring about引起，导致4disaster n灾难5in advance提前6recovery n恢复7reconstruction n重建8mak
15、e up for补偿9priority n优先权Task 3：攻克长难句El Nio，a Spanish term for“the Christ child，”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.分析：El Nio was named by South American fishermen是主句；a Spanish term for“the Christ child”作同位语，对El Nio作进一步的解释；在who引导的定语从句中，又包含定语从句which happens every two to seven years，修饰the global weather pattern。
