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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时【现在完成时】 A. 定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等【构成】 肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首 B.现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。 eg. The car has arrived.车子来了。（
2、结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。eg. He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 2001. Now I have finished the work.C.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围
3、，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have yo
4、u ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now
5、,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？(2) 现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在
6、）”等延续性动词来表述。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep bu
7、y have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去
8、时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；可与once ,never,several ti
9、mes等连用。have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，不能与once ,never, several times等连用。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 （3）终止性动词现在完成
10、时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。练习： （ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know（ ）2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B. never C. ever D. still（ ）3、Have you me
11、t Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago（ ）4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written（ ）5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _. A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed
12、; better（ ）6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying（ ）7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew（ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. sa
13、w D. see（ ）9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、_ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish（ ）11、His father _ the club since 1988. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in（ ）12、Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made（
