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1、 .wd.定语从句 思维导图易考易错点总结定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考察定语从句外，还常常结合句式构造、时态等来综合考察。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1考察如何正确选择关系词 解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:假设作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；假设作状语则选关系副词。2考察whose的用法whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose名词名词of whichof which名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of wh
2、ich/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3 考察as/which引导的非限制性定语从句 尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和that，what引导的主语从句的区别。4 考察定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5考察“介词关系代词引导的定语从句“介词关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时
3、也可用whose。如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。如：(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句) (2)He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)此外，“介词which名词构造也是一个较为
4、特殊的构造。如：He was very ill, in which case(and in this case) we sent him to hospital first.6 考察一些特殊的先行词 (1)当situation, point, position, case, activity, scene, job, race, stage, degree及period, festival, occasion场合/时机等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析。这类词作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which；作状语时，用关系副词where，when或“介词which。 (2) the way
5、 做先行词，当它在从句中作方式状语时，其后的关系词用in which/that/省略；当它作主语/宾语时，其后的关系词用which/that。7 考察定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别 (1)It was this small village where we got to know each other.(定语从句) (2)It was in this small village that we got to know each other.(强调句) (3)It was 1914 when the war broke out.(时间状语从句) 导入： e.g. She is a bea
6、utiful girl.She is a girl who is beautiful .一定语从句定义1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个_或_的句子做这个名词或代词的定语叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词_,_,_,_,_,_关系副词： _, where, why 4.定语从句构造：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Ja
7、pan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.二定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进展必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词严密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进展补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.The man who gave me this b
8、ook is Tom .(_)2.Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (_)三关系代词先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 2看关系词在从句中所充当的成分 。先行词指代关系词定语从句在从句中做的成分人主语(说明是“谁)人宾语(说明是“谁)人定语(说明是“谁的)人 / 物主语 / 宾语物主语 / 宾语时间时间状语原因原因状语地点地点状语人物/事件/句子主语/宾语/表语1. who指人，在定语从句中作_语，口语中可做_语；that 也可指人，但多用who.e.g. The man _ is sitting under the tree is a Ger
9、man . The students _ speaks German best comes from China . The man _you want to see is here .2. Whom指_，在句中做_，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g. The man (_) you look for has left . I know the girl (_) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to _ the teacher is speaking .3. whose, 作定语
10、，可指人或物=the +n +of which=of which the +n e.g. Everyone heplps the child _parents are dead. They are the lazy students _homework wasnt handed in .针对练习1.【2011全国卷I)】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2.【2011四川卷】The school shop, _ customer
11、s are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where3.10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What4.100陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose5.10北京Children w
12、ho are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing6.10重庆In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that4.that 指_或_，多指物，作_语不能省略或_语可省略 e.g. He is the fin
13、est comrade_ has helped us . This is a plant _ grows in the north .5. which ,指_，在句中做主语不能省略，或宾语可省略。e.g. This is a plant _ grows in the north . 常用that不用which的情况只能that用做关系代词的情况共9种类型。 1.领先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to
14、 everything _ I do.2.领先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which. This is the best novel (_) have read.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.They were talking about the person and things _they remembered in school.4.领先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same等等修饰时。 This is the last time _I shall give you a l
