《建筑专业英语 贝聿铭》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《建筑专业英语 贝聿铭（9页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 专业外语1 姓名： 学号：I. M. PeiIeoh Ming Pei (born 26 April 1917), commonly known by his initials I.M. Pei, is a Chinese American architect, often called a master of modern architecture. Born in Guangzhou and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai, Pei drew inspiration at an early age from the gardens at Suzhou.
2、In 1935 he moved to the United States and enrolled in the University of Pennsylvanias architecture school, but quickly transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. and spent his free time researching the emerging architects, especially Le Corbusier. After graduating, he joined the Harva
3、rd Graduate School of Design and became friends with the Bauhaus architects Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer. Pei spent ten years working with New York real estate magnate William Zeckendorf before establishing his own independent design firm that eventually became Pei Cobb Freed &Partners. Among th
4、e early projects on which Pei took the lead were the LEnfant Plaza Hotel in Washington, DC and the Green Building at MIT. His first major recognition came with the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado; his new stature led to his selection as chief architect for the John F. Kennedy Li
5、brary in Massachusetts. He went on to design Dallas City Hall and the East Building of the National Gallery of Art.He returned to China for the first time in 1974 to design a hotel at Fragrant Hills, and designed a skyscraper in Hong Kong for the Bank of China fifteen years later. In the early 1980s
6、, Pei was the focus of controversy when he designed a glass-and-steel pyramid for the Louvre museum in Paris. He later returned to the world of the arts by designing the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center in Dallas, the Miho Museum in Japan, and the Museum of Islamic Art in Qatar.Pei has won a wide
7、variety of prizes and awards in the field of architecture, including the AIA Gold Medal in 1979, the first Praemium Imperiale for Architecture in 1989, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in 2003. In 1983 he won the Pritzker Prize.Education and formative
8、 years194855: Early career work together with Webb and Knappedit 195590: I. M. Pei & AssociatesKennedy LibraryPei considers the John F. Kennedy Library the most important commission in my life.Peis first proposed design included a large glass pyramid that would fill the interior with sunlight, meant
9、 to represent the optimism and hope that Kennedys administration had symbolized for so many in the US. Mrs. Kennedy liked the design, but because of Cambridgeeffect, Finally the project moved to Columbia Point, near the University of Massachusetts. The new site was less than ideal; it was located on
10、 an old landfill, and just over a large sewage pipe. Peis architectural team added more fill to cover the pipe and developed an elaborate ventilation system to conquer the odor. A new design was unveiled, combining a large square glass-enclosed atrium with a triangular tower and a circular walkway.D
11、allas City HallWorking with his associate Theodore, Pei developed a design centered on a building with a top much wider than the bottom; the facade leans at an angle of 34 degrees. A plaza stretches out before the building, and a series of support columns holds it up. It was influenced by Le Corbusi
12、ers High Court building in Chandigarh, India; Pei sought to use the significant overhang to unify building and plaza. The project cost much more than initially expected, and took 11 years. Revenue was secured in part by including a subterranean parking garage. The interior of the city hall is large
13、and spacious; windows in the ceiling above the eighth floor fill the main space with light. Louvre PyramidThe Louvre Pyramid is a large glass and metal pyramid, surrounded by three smaller pyramids, in the main courtyard (Cour Napoleon) of the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) in Paris. The large pyr
14、amid serves as the main entrance to the Louvre Museum. Completed in 1989,1 it has become a landmark of the city of Paris. Design and constructionCommissioned by the President of France Franois Mitterrand in 1984, it was designed by the architect I. M. Pei, who is responsible for the design of the Mi
15、ho Museum in Japan among others. The structure, which was constructed entirely with glass segments, reaches a height of 20.6 metres (about 70 feet); its square base has sides of 35 metres (115ft). It consists of 603 rhombus-shaped and 70 triangular glass segments.The pyramid and the underground lobb
16、y beneath it were created because of a series of problems with the Louvres original main entrance, which could no longer handle an enormous number of visitors on an everyday basis. Visitors entering through the pyramid descend into the spacious lobby then re-ascend into the main Louvre buildings. Several other museums have duplicated this concept, most notably the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.The construc
