《2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第63期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第63期（37页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and al
2、l other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to impr
3、ove economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the firs
4、t evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leade
5、r in automotive assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counter parts a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing co
6、nstruction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development?
7、We have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything besides f
8、inding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more ed
9、ucation. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible
10、only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing more
11、quickly there than it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries（ ）.2. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that（ ）.3. The author quotes the example of our ancestor to show that education emerged（ ）.4. According to the last para
12、graph, development of education（ ）.问题1选项A.is conventional downgradedB.has been overestimatedC.is subject to groundless doubtsD.has fallen victim of bias问题2选项A.the U.S. workforce is more organizeB.the Japanese workforce is more productiveC.the U.S. workforce has a better educationD.the Japanese workf
13、orce is better disciplined问题3选项A.as a result of pressure on governmentB.when people no longer went hungryC.C. prior to better ways of finding foodD.when people had enough time问题4选项A.followed improved productivityB.does not depend on economic performanceC.results directly from the competitive environ
14、mentsD.cannot afford political changes【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者在第一段中认为教育在贫穷国家的重要性”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，这种观点是错误的”(however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor c
15、ountries is wrong)，由此可知贫穷国家教育的重要性被高估了，因此选项B符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“日本和美国劳动力的一个主要区别是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明丰田、尼桑和本田位于美国的工厂的生产率大约是日本同行的95% （Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counter parts），由此可以推测出日本的生产率比美
16、国的要高，因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者引用我们祖先的例子来说明教育的出现”。文章第四段第二句话提到“我们怀疑，即使政府不强迫，持续的经济增长也会促进教育的发展”(We have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it)；当我们的祖先还在狩猎和采集的时候，除了寻找食物，他们没有时间去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出现，是因为不需要去担心食物的问题，选项B“人们不再挨饿”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章最后一段可知教育的发展”。文章最后一段
