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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise,” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While heres on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies s
2、uggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldnt get the
3、job done.Stress that you can manage may also boost immune function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they
4、had control over the outcome. In the second, they werent in control: They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的)video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody thats the body first line of defense against germs. The video-watche
5、rs experienced a downturn in the antibody.Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improving memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefell
6、er University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity. “Its the occasional burst of st
7、ress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”1.The passage is mainly about（ ）.2.The word “shun (Line I, Para. 1) most probably mean（ ）.3.We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that（ ）.4.In the experiment described in Paragraph 3，the video-watchers experienced a downtu
8、rn in the antibody because（ ）.5.Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.the benefits of management stressB.how to avoid stressful situationsC.how to cope with stress effectivelyD.the effects of stress hormones on memory问题2选项A.cut down onB.stay away fromC.run out ofD.put up
9、 with问题3选项A.people under stress tend to have a poor memoryB.people who cant get their job done experience more stressC.doing challenging work may be good for ones healthD.stress will weaken the bodys defense against germs问题4选项A.the video was not enjoyable at allB.the outcome was beyond their control
10、C.they knew little about surgical proceduresD.they feel no pressure while watching the video问题5选项A.a persons memory is determined by the level of hormones in his bodyB.stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brainC.short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory functionD.a persons memor
11、y improves with continued experience of stress.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章主要讲述了”。文章的中心句是第一段第二句话“虽然持续的压力是有害的，但有几项研究表明，你能够应付的具有挑战性的情况对人是有好处的”（While heres on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to ri
12、se to the occasion can be good for you），接下来围绕这个中心句阐述，因此选项A“压力管理的好处”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“单词shun的意思是”。文章第一段第一句提到“人类不应该像躲避食物，爱情或锻炼那样去逃避压力”（Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise），根据any more than 可知shun与avoid是同义词，因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“从2001年对158 护士的研究中，我
13、们可以得出”。文章第二段提到相比那些感觉自己不能应付大量工作额护士，能应付大量工作的护士更有可能说自己身体健康，由此可知选项C“做具有挑战性工作可能对身体健康有益”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第三段描述的试验中，视频观看者经历抗体下降的原因是”。文章第三段提到在第二个试验中，他们无法控制结果（In the second, they werent in control），选项B“结果超过控制”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“Rockefeller大学的布鲁斯认为”。文章第四段第二句话提到“这些荷尔蒙在短时间内有正面效应，包括提高记忆力”（In short bursts thes
14、e hormones have a positive effect, including improving memory function），所以选项C“短时间内的压力荷尔蒙能对身体或人的大脑带来伤害”符合题意。2. 翻译题Put the following Iwo passages into Chinese.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation. It is the function of education,
15、 the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United Stales, to provide continuity for our national life to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history. It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth; to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.Fame is very much like an animal chasing its tail who,
