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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （ ）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Jean holds very （
2、） opinions about food; she wont eat anything new or foreign.问题1选项A.awesomeB.conventionalC.consistentD.condimental【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。awesome “极好的”；conventional “传统的”；consistent “始终如一的，一致的” ；condimental “调味品的”。句意：简对食物的观念很传统，她不吃任何新的或者国外的食物。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题James is quite （ ） with the customs and languages o
3、f the people in that part of the country.问题1选项A.knowledgeableB.commonC.awareD.familiar【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。knowledgeable “博学的”;common “普遍的”;aware “意识到的”;familiar “熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯对这个国家的这个地区人们的习俗和语言都相当熟悉。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Any property that a bankrupt person may still have is usually divided among the various peop
4、le to whom money are owed.问题1选项A.propertyB.may still haveC.amongD.are owed【答案】D【解析】根据题中的money为不可数名词，可知D选项应该用is owed，句意：破产人的财产仍然会被分给债权人。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the rig
5、ht directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ） science. It has come to expect the steady inc
6、rease in the standard of（5 ） that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesnt understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an i
7、mportant （7 ） behind support for the Green parties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what i
8、s taught in schools. But in schools science is often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they dont see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way o
9、f describing mathematics ideas, they frighten most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so thatC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.ro
10、leB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.harnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。assess “评估”;discern “辨别”; ensure “确保”;anticipate “预期”。句意：我
11、们不能阻止科学和技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保这些改变是正确的。选项C符合题意。（2）逻辑推理。根据文意，在民主社会中，公民需要对科学有一个基本的了解，以便于他们可以自己做出明智的决定。选项B符合题意。（3）动词词义辨析。clutch “抓住”;leave “留给”;fabricate “编造”;nurture “养育”。句意：人们可以做出明智的决定，而不会把问题都留在专家手中。选项B符合题意。（4）短语搭配。attitude towards “对的态度”，选项D符合题意。（5）短语搭配。根据文意，人们想要提高生活水平，故 “standard of living” 生活水平符合题意。
12、选项A符合题意。（6）根据文意，人们对科学的不信任，体现在动画中塑造的那些科学家卡通人物，他们在实验室制造科学怪人。选项D符合题意。（7）名词词义辨析。role “角色，任务”； concept “概念，想法” ；element “要素” ；index “指数”。句意：这个在支持绿党中发挥着重要作用。选项A符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。constrain “强迫”；harness “利用”；foster “ 培养”；extinguish “ 熄灭”。句意：为了让公众们做出明智的决定，我们应该怎么做去培养他们的兴趣以及给他们提供科学背景呢？选项C符合题意。（9）动词词义辨析。present “提
13、出”；conduct “指挥，管理”，portray “描绘” ；utilize “利用”。句意：但是在学校，科学往往是以一种枯燥无味的方式描绘出来的。选项C符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。meaning “ 含义”；contribution “ 贡献”；application “应用”；relevance “相关性”根据文意，孩子们学习科学只是为了通过考试，不了解科学对他们周围的世界带来的好处。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Put on dark glasses or the sun will（ ） you and you wont be able to see.问题1选项A.discernB
14、.distortC.distractD.dazzle【答案】D【解析】考查形近义异词解析。discern “辨别，看清楚”;distort “扭曲，曲解”；distract “转移，分心”；dazzle “使目眩，使眼花”。句子的意思为：戴上太阳眼镜，否则阳光很刺眼，会让你看不见任何东西。选项D符合题意7. 单选题Maisie had always thought of herself as being shy and （ ）,and was surprised that anyone should ask her opinion.问题1选项A.stutteringB.scatteringC.inarticulateD.inexpressive【答案】C【解析】形容词词义解析。stuttering “ 口吃，结巴”；scattering “分散的”；inarticulate “不善于表达的”；inexpressive “无表情的，无意义的”。句意：梅齐认为她是害羞而且不善表达的人，惊讶的是，竟然有人会问她的意见。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题Until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a
