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1、专题复习 动词时态及语态 在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,也注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则,答题时要研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时 was/were/didwas/were done现在完成时has/have donehas/have been done现在完成进行时has/have been doing/现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are
2、being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时will/shall have donewill /shall have been done一般将来时will /shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowill /shall be doneam/is/are to be done过去将来时would dowas going to dowas comi
3、ng/leavingwas to dowas about to dowould be donewas/were to be done将来进行时will /shall be doing/1一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来;表示预计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且全部倒装时,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。用所给词的适当形式填空:Ill go there after I _(finish) my work.The water wil
4、l be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave) at 6:30.A snow _(expect) to come next week.On the wall _(hang) a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash) well.Dont take it away. It _(belong) to me. He said water_(boil) at 100 .2一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词:yesterday,just now,last year,the oth
5、er day等)表示动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词:since,in the past/last years,just,recent(ly),lately,so farup to nowup until nowby now,already,yet,several/many/.times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子:He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)Its two years s
6、ince he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)This is the first/second/.time (that) I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/.time I had_visited the school. He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)I thought he was an America
7、n.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空:I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I_(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put) my book? I cant find it anywhere.Although he has lived with us for years,he _(not leave) us much imp
8、ression.My brother is an actor. He _(appear) in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise)3过去完成时和将来完成时 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去,而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有:by then,by that time,by the end of,before 2000,by the time,hardly/scarcely/rarely.when.和no sooner.than.。注表示原
9、打算做但未做的几种表达:I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/. to do.,but.I hoped/expected/. to have done.,but.I would like/love to have done.,but.I was to have done.,but.I was going to do.,but.I would have done.,but.I was coming/leaving/arriving/., but.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。如:They will hav
10、e completed the project by the end of next year.用所给词的适当形式填空:Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.I _(hope) to meet Mr. Thompson this morning, but I found nobody left in the room.By the time he _(return) home, the work had been finished.By the time h
11、e returns home, the work _(finish)We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly, and by then we _(walk) for six weeks.4现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时和将来进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况,计划、安排要做的事,还可以表示反复出现的动作,往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always,continually,constantly连用;过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,还可以表示过去的将来动作;现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性,还可以表示感情色
12、彩;将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空:Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall) while he _(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself.Why are her eyes red? She _(cry)He _(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something mor
13、e active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No, but we _(try) to get in touch with them ever since.5一般将来时 注意区别will do,be going to do,be about to do,be doing,be to do:will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势,此外,还表示临时决定;be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事,还表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推断;be about to do表示立即的将来,因此,不与表示将来的具
14、体时间状语连用;有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin等,其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态;be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事,意为“应该;想,打算;注定会”。用所给词的适当形式填空:Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your safety belt. The plane_(take) off.Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 _(take) off at 18:20.If you _(succeed), you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds. It _(rain)The light is still on.Sorry. I _(go) and turn it off.6get过去分词 “get过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。用所给词的适当形式填空:The patient _(treat) o