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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 问答题Charles Darwins “On the Origin of Species” is credited with sparking evolutions revolution Ain scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understood Bthe ideas significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin gre
2、at, according to the Arnold C DArboretums new director.【答案】试题答案：B; understanding【解析】考查现在分词。understood一般用于be understood as（被理解为），understanding意为“理解的”。2. 问答题This competition is good for the overall development of Chinas long-monopolizing banking Aindustry and is expected to intensify by the end of the
3、 year or early next year as more private B C Dbanks are established.【答案】试题答案：A; monopolized【解析】考查非谓语动词。banking industry与monopolize的关系是被动的，故用其过去分词做定语修饰。3. 翻译题Translate the following passage from Chinese into English人皆生而为新，为前所未有之所存在：人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考，因而都具备独特潜质，能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，富有创意，成就功业。“
4、成者”与“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指的是使他人失败的人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人，或为社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案，他们倾听，权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重，敬佩他们，但并不为他们所局限，所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。【答案】Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at l
5、ife. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials, capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant and creative being, as well as be a winner.The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a per
6、son as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledg
7、e. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.4. 翻译题Rational c
8、hoice theoryRational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling, social and economic behavior. Rationality, interpreted as “wanting more rather than less of a good，is widely used as an assumption of the behavior
9、of individuals in macroeconomic models and analysis and appears in almost all economics textbook treatments of human decision-making. It is also central to some of modem political science, sociology, and philosophy. It attaches “wanting more” to instrumental rationality, which involves seeking the m
10、ost cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal. Gary Backer was an early proponent of applying rational actor models more widely. He won the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his studies of discrimination, crime, and human capit
11、al.In rational choice theory, these costs are only extrinsic or external to the individual rather than being intrinsic or internal. That is, strict rational choice theory would not see a criminals self-punishment by inner feelings of remorse, guilt, or shame as relevant to determining the costs of c
12、ommitting a crime. In general, rational choice theory does not address the role of an individuals sense of morals or ethics in decision-making. Thus, economics Noblest Amartya Sen sees the model of people who follow rational choice model as “rational fools”.【答案】理性选择理论理性选择理论，也被称为选择理论或理性行为理论，是用于理解社会，正
13、式对社会和经济行为的框架。理性，被解释为“对最大利益的追求”，在宏观经济模型中被广泛用作个人行为的假设，并出现在几乎所有经济学教科书中关于人类决策的处理。它也是现代政治学、社会学和哲学的中心。它将“想要更多”与理性工具联系起来，这涉及到寻求最经济有效的手段来实现特定目标，而不考虑该目标的价值。Gary Backer是更广泛地运用理性行为者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧视、犯罪和人力资本而获得1992年诺贝尔经济学奖。在理性选择理论中，这些成本仅是非本质的或外部的，而不是本质的或者内部的。也就是说，严格的理性选择理论不会根据罪犯的内心的悔恨，内疚，或羞愧等自我惩罚以确定犯罪的成本。一般来说，理性选
14、择理论并不涉及个人道德或伦理意识在决策中的作用。因此，诺贝尔奖获得者AmartyaSen认为，遵循理性选择模式的经济学人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。5. 单选题Anne Whitney, a sophomore（大学二年级学生）at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. “I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to fi
