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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced
2、together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human development long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether
3、to go on with it or not. There is an argument.Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energ
4、y. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesnt really work, wed tried it and it doesnt work, go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man.The principal discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance
5、about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certaintyNewtonian mechanics, for examplehave slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, so
6、me are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a wh
7、ile, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imaginati
8、on.It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As w
9、e learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.1.What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph?2.The principle discovery in this century shows（ ）.3.Now scientists have found in the past few years（ ）.4.The writers main purpose in writing the
10、 passage is to say that（ ）.5.The writers attitude towards science is（ ）.问题1选项A.Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.B.For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science.C.Modern civilization depends on science
11、so man supports scientific progress unanimously.D.Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method.问题2选项A.man has overthrown Newtons laws of physicsB.man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzlesC.man has lost many scientific discoveries
12、D.man has given up some of the once accepted theories问题3选项A.the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessaryB.the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machineC.man knows nothing about DNAD.man has much to learn about DNA问题4选项A.science is just at its beginningB.science has greatly improved mans lifeC.sc
13、ience has made profound progressD.science has done too little to human beings问题5选项A.criticalB.approvingC.neutralD.regretful【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段第三句和第四句maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument （甚至长到要投票决定是否继续下去。这是有争议的。），可见对于将科学是否继
14、续进行下去，人们观点不一，有人持敌对态度，故C选项“现代文明依赖科学，所以人们一致支持科学的进步”正确，B选项“三百年来有人一直对科学持敌对态度”错误，D选项“有的人认为三百年的时间不够长，不能让人们对科学方法进行批判性的评价”错误。A选项“过去三百年的科学实验制造出许多有价值的物品”：根据第一段第一、二句，三百年来，我们一直在研究科学，当代每项技术都是通过科学实验而来的。因此C选项正确。2.细节推断题。A选项man has overthrown Newtons laws of physics“人类推翻了牛顿的物理定律”；B选项man has solved a new set of gigan
15、tic puzzles“人类已经解决了一套新的巨大的谜题”；C选项man has lost many scientific discoveries“人类已经失去了许多科学发现”；D选项man has given up some of the once accepted theories“人类已经放弃了一些曾经被接受的理论”。根据第三段最后一句some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislativ
16、e intent as if they were acts of Congress.（有些物理定律每隔几年就会被修订，有些被完全取消，有些经过立法意图的修订版本，就像它们是国会法案一样。），可知人类对理论所采取的做法是修正，摈弃，甚至采取立法手段，故D选项“人类已经放弃了一些曾经被接受的理论”正确。A、B、C选项不是主要发现，而是其中小部分。因此D选项正确。3.细节推断题。根据第四段Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolutionFor a while, things seemed simple and clearBut just in the last few years it
