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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents wishes.问题1选项A.enhancedB.revisedC.alternatedD.modified【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。alter to表示“更改，改变”；A项enhance“增强”，B项revise“修正，校订”，C项alternate“交替的，轮流的”，D项modify“修改，修饰”。句意：人们担心婴儿的基因会被改变以满足父母的愿望。
2、根据句意可知，选择D项正确。2. 单选题It is reported that thirty people were killed in a（ ）on the railway yesterday.问题1选项A.collisionB.collaborationC.corrosionD.confrontation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项collision“碰撞，冲突”，B项collaboration“合作”，C项corrosion“腐蚀”，D项confrontation“对抗，面对”。把四个选项分别代入句子中，可知只有collision符合。句意：据报道，昨天有30人在铁路相撞中丧生。
3、因此，该题选择A项正确。3. 问答题The patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.(1) Well, almos
4、t certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. (2) Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies i
5、n teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. (3) Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whos
6、e resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do
7、 in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicis
8、t James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” (4) But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in trai
9、ning confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. (5) Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedbackpositive and negativeabout their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to gi
10、ve feedback in professional and non-confrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patients benefit, is whistle-blowing.【答案】答：1.Almost certainly, the medical studen
11、t was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor.2.The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians.3.At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly.4.But in real hospit
12、al environment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command.5.Medical students and residents should make regular feedback about their supervising physicians, positively and negatively at the end of their rotation.【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，几乎可以肯定。原文这一句是对上文的肯定，上文提到The medical student was stunned
13、 to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.（学医的学生听到他的回答很吃惊，因为她很肯定没有经过检查），所以改写的时候需要结合上文的内容来进行扩充，故改写为Almost certainly, the medical student was stunned to hear such an answer from his supervisor（几乎可以肯定的是，医学院的学生听到他的导师这样的回答感到很震惊）。2.原文句意是：然而，即使这样的行为可能危及病人
14、，但教学医院的等级制度阻碍了年轻医生发言的倾向和能力。前半句是让步状语从句，并且acts can jeopardize patients指的是作为指导医生，他们的错误行为危害到病人的健康，所以可以改写为despite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（尽管指导医生出现了一些错误）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop来替代，所以句子改写为The inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is stopped by the hospital hierarchies, d
15、espite appearance of mistakes by supervising physicians（医院的等级制度阻止了年轻医生说话的倾向和能力，尽管指导医生出现了一些错误）。3.原文句意是：最后，处于等级最下层的肯定是这些医学生。at the bottom of the heap（在底层）指的是等级制度的底层，所以可以改写为at the bottom of hierarchy；另外who引导的定语从句是修饰强调的，所以句式可以精简，故这个句子可改写为At the bottom of hierarchy were those medical students assuredly（在
16、等级制度的最底层肯定是那些医科学生）。4.原文句意是：但在现实世界中，要爬上指挥链可能极其困难。根据文章语境，in real world（在现实世界中）指的就是在医院环境中，而the chain of command（指挥链）的对象指的则是位于底层的医学生；故该句子可以改写为But in real hospital environment, it is rather difficult for medical students to give a command（但在现实的医院环境中，医学生想要得到指挥权是相当困难的）。5.原文句意是：学生和住院医师现在被要求在轮班结束时对他们的指导医生提供常规的正面和负面反馈。routine（常规的）可以改为regular（定期的，普通的）；positive and nega
