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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.” By the late 1960s，that term was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a press conference in C
2、hicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A centurys worth of calculated name changes
3、point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations (涵义)that were more negative than those of “African American.”But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differently from “African A
4、mericans,” researchers, until now, hadnt identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory Universitys Erika Hall, found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a r
5、esult, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The studys most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters biases. A job application mi
6、ght mention affiliations with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,” the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members, control.In one of the studys experiments, subjects were given a brie
7、f description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as “African-American,” and another was told he was “Black” With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams salary, professional standing, and educational background.The “African-Ameri
8、can” group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and bad a two-year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $29.000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a ma
9、nagerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Halls findings suggest theres an argument to be made for electing to use “African American,” though one cant help but get the sense that its a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is n
10、eeded, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois original, idealistic hope: “Its not the nameits the thing that counts.”11. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent?12. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic gr
11、oup?13. What do Erika Halls findings indicate?14. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?15. What is Dr. Du Boiss ideal?问题1选项A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the stand
12、ard naming practice.问题2选项A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.问题3选项A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world,B.Many applicants dont attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers should all be careful ab
13、out their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.问题4选项A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black peoples socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.Peoples conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D.Ones p
14、rofessional standing and income are related to their educational background.问题5选项A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nations continued progress.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】11.事实
15、细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数第一二句话Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.“杰西杰克逊(Jesse Jackson)宣称，“非裔美国人”是
16、一个值得拥抱的词。之所以选择这个词，是因为它呼应了一些群体的标签，比如“意大利裔美国人”和“爱尔兰裔美国人”，这些群体已经摆脱了广泛的歧视。”，从这里可以看出答案选A“它没有种族偏见”；B选项“它代表社会进步”，定位到第二段第一句话A centurys worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明，为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”，名称并没有展现社会进步而是具有政治意味，所以B选项不选，属于反向干
