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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Critical and independent thinking is a valued skill among American academics and professors who often sadly lament that modern students lack these skills.问题1选项A.mourn aloudB.express sorrow demonstrativelyC.complainD.regret strongly【答案】D【解析】考查副词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项mou
2、rn aloud“大声哀悼”；B选项express sorrow demonstratively“表达悲伤”；C选项complain“抱怨”；D选项regret strongly“强烈后悔”。题目中的lament表达的是“遗憾”的意思，所以D“regret strongly深表遗憾”与题目意思相符。句意：美国专业学者和教授认为批判思维独立思维是一种很有价值的技能，他们通常会因现在的学生缺乏这种能力而伤感遗憾。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistful
3、ly lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.问题1选项A.hopefullyB.reflectivelyC.sympatheticallyD.irresistibly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。wistfully在句中是“渴望地，希望地”；A选项hopefully“希望地”；B选项reflectively“沉思地”；C选项sympathetically“同情地，怜悯地”；D选项irresistibly“不可抗拒地”。句意：黄昏时分，海托先生会坐在后院的旧扶手椅上渴望沉浸在他青春恋情的回忆中。根据选项，只有A项符合。3. 单选题The meth
4、ods through which they built up and maintained personal followings and the outlooks which accompanied such activity likewise became important（ ）for modern Chinese political behavior.问题1选项A.precedentsB.pioneerC.sourceD.resource【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项precedents“引用单元”；B选项pioneer“先锋”；C选项source“来源”；D选项reso
5、urce“资源”。分析题干可知，空白处应填入一个名词，根据题干内容，活动会成为中国政治行为的，可推测答案选项为C。句意：他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要。因此C选项正确。4. 不定项选择题(1) The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology. For example, the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologies
6、 appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it. Further, emerging scarcity of some technological resource may ignite a research for, and gradual transition to, a new technology using resources present in the environment in greater abundance, as, for example, in the case o
7、f the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that began in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.(2) In modern Western society, environment has begun to condition technology in new ways, although admittedly more indirectly. The safety and q
8、uality of the environment and public perceptions of it have begun to translate into presidential politics and congressional mandates to regulatory agencies to protect or enhance environmental quality or safety, occasionally even at the cost of some perturbation of the tech-economic status-quo. In Fr
9、ance, Italy, and recently the United States, political parties have been formed, organized around a complex of technology/ environment issues. In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental awareness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental
10、 interest groups, and guidelines issued and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional mandates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment by many corporations in going about their technology activities. Both research a development priorities a
11、nd capital investment programs of the corporations have been affected by this.41. Which of the following statements is TRUE?42. We can infer from the article that in the 1800s England was probably rich in（ ）.43. In modern Western society, the environmental problem has（ ）.44. The underlined word “hee
12、d” in the last but one sentence of the passage means（ ）.45. What is the best topic for the passage?问题1选项A.Environment enables man to adapt successfully to new technology.B.Technologies enable man to adapt successfully to his environment.C.The development of the technologies depends solely on the nat
13、ural environment.D.Lack of technologies to cope with the environment is caused by lack of natural resources.问题2选项A.wood resourcesB.technological resourcesC.natural resourcesD.coal resource问题3选项A.received great attention from the governmentsB.caused some serious disorders in technology and economyC.a
14、ffected modern technologies more directly than beforeD.become more important but received less and less attention问题4选项A.lawsuitB.interestC.attentionD.expense问题5选项A.What can nature contribute to technology?B.Environment can sometimes block the progress of technology.C.Technologies of all kinds should
15、 serve the natural environment.D.Environment deserves the most attention in the development of technology.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一项是正确的？”。根据第一段第二句the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologies appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it.（一个环境（极地、沙漠、丛林）的本质导致了适合该环境的技术的发展，使人们能够成功地适应环境。）可知，技术可以使人成功适应环境，所以B项“技术使人能够成功地适应环境”正确。A项“环境使人能够成功地适应新技术”，内容与原文相反；C项“技术的发展完全依赖于自然环境”，没有过分强调技术的发展依赖与环境，C选项太绝对；D项“缺乏应对环境
