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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题She wore long, heavy dresses, clothes that allowed（ ）movement.问题1选项A.minimum ofB.the minimumC.her minimum ofD.a minimum of【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有a minimum of“至少，最少的”为固定用法。因此选项D符合题意，表示“裙子又长又重，走起路来只能慢慢挪动”。2. 单选题The concept of personal choice in relation to health be
2、haviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundar
3、ies of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exerc
4、ise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but
5、 may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given indiv
6、idual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to
7、 a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probab
8、ility of increased vitality and longevity.1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because （ ）.2.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.3.According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on _.问题1选项A.it is essential to personal freedo
9、m in American societyB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.personal health choices help cure most illnessesD.wrong decisions could lead to poor health问题2选项A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.people are usually influenced
10、 by the behavior of their friendsD.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life问题3选项A.personal decisionsB.societys lawsC.friends opinionsD.statistical evidence【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：个人健康选择的概念很重要，因为_。文章第二句话提到“An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be p
11、reventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge”，可知个人健康的正确选择将避免约90%的疾病，如果不做合理选择就可能导致疾病。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：合理的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为_。由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒数第二句，往下看到第二段第一句对此现象做了总结：A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the de
12、velopment of health-related behaviors。说明影响因素是方方面面的。因此B选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：弗里斯和克拉波认为，健康的选择应该基于_。根据文章最后两句可知弗里斯和克拉波认为“personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity”，统计数据才能确定哪些是有利于健康的行为。因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题Summer h
13、olidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are ( ) he time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.问题1选项A.as hardly culturally enriching asB.as hardly enriching culture asC.hardly as culturally enriching asD.hardly as cultural enriching as【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。当否定词
14、hardly修饰asas时要放在前面，修饰形容词性的enriching要使用副词，因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题Some economists fret that share prices are moving far _ companies earnings, to a degree scanty reminiscent of Japan in the late 1980s just before its crash.问题1选项A.ahead ofB.back ofC.independent ofD.abreast of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。ahead of“在之前”；back
15、of“在后面”；independent of“不受支配的”；abreast of“保持与并列”。句意：一些经济学家担心，股价公司盈利，这在一定程度上让人想起上世纪80年代末日本股市崩盘前的情景。可知前半句应表示“股票价格超过了公司盈利”。因此A选项符合题意。5. 单选题The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a(n) _ in female breadwinners.问题1选项A.raiseB.riseC.ariseD.increase【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。由前后得知空白处需要填一个可数名词。作名词时，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了级别；rise“上升，增加”通常指数量增加或水平提高，为不可数名词；arise没有名词用法；increase“增加，增加额”，指大小和强度增加
