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1、本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：The Structure Form ofHigh-Rise Buildings文献、资料来源：Review of Architecture文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2009.08.16院 （部）： 管理工程学院专 业： 工程管理 / 外文文献:The Structure Form of High-Rise BuildingsABSTRACT：High-rise building is to point to exceed a certain height and layers multistory buildings. In the United
2、States, 24.6 m or 7 layer above as high-rise buildings; In Japan, 31m or 8 layer and above as high-rise buildings; In Britain, to have equal to or greater than 24.3 m architecture as high-rise buildings. Since 2005 provisions in China more than 10 layers of residential buildings and more than 24 met
3、ers tall other civil building for high-rise buildings. KEYWARD：High-Rise Buildings；Shear-Wall Systems；Rigid-Frame Systems1. High-rise building profilesAlthough the basic principles of vertical and horizontal subsystem design remain the same for low- , medium- , or high-rise buildings, when a buildin
4、g gets high the vertical subsystems become a controlling problem for two reasons. Higher vertical loads will require larger columns, walls, and shafts. But, more significantly, the overturning moment and the shear deflections produced by lateral forces are much larger and must be carefully provided
5、for.The vertical subsystems in a high-rise building transmit accumulated gravity load from story to story, thus requiring larger column or wall sections to support such loading. In addition these same vertical subsystems must transmit lateral loads, such as wind or seismic loads, to the foundations.
6、 However, in contrast to vertical load, lateral load effects on buildings are not linear and increase rapidly with increase in height. For example under wind load , the overturning moment at the base of buildings varies approximately as the square of a buildings may vary as the fourth power of build
7、ings height , other things being equal. Earthquake produces an even more pronounced effect.When the structure for a low-or medium-rise building is designed for dead and live load, it is almost an inherent property that the columns, walls, and stair or elevator shafts can carry most of the horizontal
8、 forces. The problem is primarily one of shear resistance. Moderate addition bracing for rigid frames in “short” buildings can easily be provided by filling certain panels (or even all panels) without increasing the sizes of the columns and girders otherwise required for vertical loads.Unfortunately
9、, this is not is for high-rise buildings because the problem is primarily resistance to moment and deflection rather than shear alone. Special structural arrangements will often have to be made and additional structural material is always required for the columns, girders, walls, and slabs in order
10、to made a high-rise buildings sufficiently resistant to much higher lateral deformations. As previously mentioned, the quantity of structural material required per square foot of floor of a high-rise buildings is in excess of that required for low-rise buildings. The vertical components carrying the
11、 gravity load, such as walls, columns, and shafts, will need to be strengthened over the full height of the buildings. But quantity of material required for resisting lateral forces is even more significant.With reinforced concrete, the quantity of material also increases as the number of stories in
12、creases. But here it should be noted that the increase in the weight of material added for gravity load is much more sizable than steel, whereas for wind load the increase for lateral force resistance is not that much more since the weight of a concrete buildings helps to resist overturn. On the oth
13、er hand, the problem of design for earthquake forces. Additional mass in the upper floors will give rise to a greater overall lateral force under the of seismic effects. In the case of either concrete or steel design, there are certain basic principles for providing additional resistance to lateral
14、to lateral forces and deflections in high-rise buildings without too much sacrifire in economy. (1) Increase the effective width of the moment-resisting subsystems. This is very useful because increasing the width will cut down the overturn force directly and will reduce deflection by the third powe
15、r of the width increase, other things remaining cinstant. However, this does require that vertical components of the widened subsystem be suitably connected to actually gain this benefit.(2) Design subsystems such that the components are made to interact in the most efficient manner. For example, us
16、e truss systems with chords and diagonals efficiently stressed, place reinforcing for walls at critical locations, and optimize stiffness ratios for rigid frames. (3) Increase the material in the most effective resisting components. For example, materials added in the lower floors to the flanges of columns and connecting girders will directly decrease the overall deflection and increase the moment resistance without contributi
