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1、高考名词性从句定义：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。 高考对于名词性从句考查主要有以下七个方面：1. 名词性从句的语序问题2. 引导词that与what的区别3. it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. whether与if的区别5. 名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题7.易混句型的辨析，比如it作形式主语，主语从句后置的句型与强调句型，与定语从句、
2、状语从句的辨析等。 语法要点一、 名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if, as if；that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分；连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which，whichever.连接副词：when, where, how, why有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。不可省略的连词： 1.
3、介词后的连词 I can judge by what (=the things that)I know of him. She walked up to where he stood.2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. 比较： Whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. Whether引导主语从句并在句首； 2. 引导表语从句 3. Whether从句作介词宾语； 4. 从句后有o
4、r not Whether he will come is not clear.5.可以用whetheror引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可. 例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not
5、. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? / 二、具体分类 1主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句句型：（1）连词|连接代词|连接副词+主语从句+主句谓语部分例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will be in charge of the project hasnt been decided yet.（2）有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配
6、关系： （1）It + be + 名词(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity,no surprise, etc.)+ that从句It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that事实是 It is no surprise that our team won the game.（2）It + be +形容词(obvious,true, natural, surprising,good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain,probable,etc.)+ th
7、at-从句 It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明显 It is probable that he told her everything.（3）It + be + -ed 分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc,)+ that-从句 It is believed that人们相信 It is known to all that从所周知 It has been decided that已决定 It is deci
8、ded that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.（4）It + 不及物动词(appear, happen,occur, etc) + that 从句It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起It appears that he is himself today.It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him tocange him mind. 另注意在主语从句中用来表示
9、惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： 1.It is necessary(important, natural,strange,etc.) that It is strange that he (should )have acted toward his parents like that.(因为act发生在主句be 之前，所以要用should have acted)2.It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is a pity that you cant dance.（
10、陈述语气）2. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that It is suggested that the meeting (hould )e put off till next week. 【典例】(山东卷)_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 【答案】C 【解析】she told me是插入语，可删除。what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语。 【典例】(天津卷)It is obviou
11、s to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A.asB.whichC. whether D. that 2宾语从句 跟在动词、介词、形容词之后，在句子中起宾语作用的名词的从句叫宾语从句。常见的可以接that 从句做宾语的动词有：see, say,know, imagine,discover,believe,tell, show, think,consider.近几年对宾语从句的考查有增加的趋势，其中对WHAT的用法和宾语从句陈述语序的考查更加突出。宾语从句句型：（1）主语+及物动词+that+从句He
12、told us that they would help us through the whole work.(2)主语+及物动词+if|whether+从句I wonder if|whether you would mind making less noise.(3)主语+及物动词+连接代词|连接副词+从句I dont know what I should say about this matter.Can you tell me where the bank is?(4)主谓结构+介词+从句The boss paid the workers according to how much th
13、ey had done for him.(5)主语+及物动词+to介词短语+that从句He explained to us that he failed to catch the first bus.(6)主语+及物动词+it+形容词|名词+从句(常用的可以接复合宾语的动词有：think,make,consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。)I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(7).宾语从句可用作某些形容词的宾语，这类形容词常见的有：afraid, glad, sure, sorry, hap
14、py, pleased, surprised, certain, disappeared, satisried等。例如：Hes afraid that Jim will forget his Chinese .Im sure that he will succeed.Im not sure whether if she left or stayed. 宾语从句中应该注意的几个问题：1. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： A. He has told me that he wil
15、l go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 B. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：1.在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，request，command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2.用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,
