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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题Section A English to Chinese (20 points)Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.Economists dont forecast because they know, they forecast because theyre asked. (36) A question that is
2、increasingly put to them is whether inflation, which has been remarkably quiescent for years, will spring a surprise in 2016. After all, the debt troubles that have weighed down rich economies since 2007 are fading; labor markets in America, Britain and Germany are increasingly tight; housing market
3、s are gathering steam; and the Federal Reserve has just raised interest rates for the first time in almost a decade.Inflation in America and Europe should indeed pick up from its present, near-zero state as the big declines in energy prices at the turn of 2015 drop out of the headline rate. But a gl
4、ut in the supply of crude means that oil prices are falling again. (37) If debt is receding as a problem in rich countries, it looms larger in emerging markets, where overcapacity brought on by binge（放纵、沉溺）borrowing exerts a downward force on prices. There is inflation in commodity-exporting countri
5、es, such as Brazil, whose currencies have been trashed. But global inflation is a tug-of war between bottlenecks in parts of the rich world and imported deflation from emerging markets, and the enduring fall or stagnation of prices looks set to dominate for a while yet.Start with Saudi Arabia. The f
6、alling price of crude is in part a consequence of its commitment (reiterated by OPEC ministers on December 4th) to produce at full tilt. The idea is to flush out the weaker producers in Americas shale-oil industry and elsewhere. (38) This is proving a costly gambit. Saudi Arabia needs a barrel of oi
7、l to fetch around $85 to finance public spending and around $60 to keep its current account in balance. Yet the oil price recently fell below $36, to an 11-year low, before rebounding a little. America has sustained oil production of above 9m barrels a day, despite a sharp fall in the number of oil
8、rigs, suggesting that shale firms are becoming more efficient.One outcome from continued low-flation will be increasingly lopsided economies in the rich world, particularly in America, where recovery is more advanced than in Europe. (39) If productivity stays as weak as it has been recently, unemplo
9、yment is likely to fall still further. At the same time, slow growth in emerging markets is likely to keep downward pressure on commodity prices and on their currencies. A strong dollar has already driven a wedge between the performance of Americas manufacturing and service industries. Further appre
10、ciation would make it harder for the Federal Reserve to push through more increases in interest rates.【答案】36. 一个问题越发常见：沉寂多年的通货膨胀，会否在2016年突然爆发。毕竟，自从2007年以来，拖累经济发展的债务问题正在消退；美国、英国和德国的劳动力市场日趋紧张；房地产市场正蓄势待发；最近美联储近十年来第一次提高利率。37. 如果发达国家的债务不再是一个问题，那就会隐现在新兴市场，过度借贷迫使价格下降而导致生产力过剩。巴西等商品出口国出现了通货膨胀，货币已经贬值。但是全球通货膨胀
11、是部分发达国家的瓶颈期和新兴市场的输入型通货紧缩之间的拉锯战，而持久的价格下跌或停滞看来还会持续一段时间。38. 事实证明，这是一个代价高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油卖85美元才能支撑公共支出，需要卖60美元才能维持收支平衡。然而，最近油价在回升之前跌破36美元，创11年新低。39. 如果生产力持续疲软，失业率可能会进一步下降。与此同时，新兴市场的缓慢增长可能会给大宗商品价格和货币带来下行压力。强势美元已在美国制造业和服务业之间造成了裂痕。进一步升值将使美联储更难推动进一步加息。2. 单选题Man and women do think differently, at least where
12、 the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This new research reveals that men think more with their gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressed that just b
13、ecause the two sexes think differently, this does not affect intellectual performance.Psychology professor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the research along with colleagues from the University of New Mexico. Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.5 times th
14、e amount of gray matter related to intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence compared with men. “These findings suggested that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent beha
15、vior,” said Haier, adding that, “by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive-impairment diseases in the brain.”The results are detailed in the online version of the journal NeuroImage. In human brains, gray matter
16、represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works to network these processing centers. The results from this study may help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author and neuropsychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better with tasks requiring more localized processing, such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating and assimil
