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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this years is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality control problems at a production
2、plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp Overnight, the U.S. vaccine supply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, theyre now urging most healthy people between the ages
3、of 2 and 64 not to. “This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,” says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information, and “the lack of redundancy in our system.”Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had litt
4、le incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow live virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because
5、 each years flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United States now has only two major suppliers (Chiron and Ave Pasteur)and when one of them runs into trouble, there isnt much the other can do about it. “A vaccine maker cant just call up and order 40 million m
6、ore fertilized eggs,” says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp, “theres a whole industry thats scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time.”Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this years fiasco will speed the pace of innovation
7、. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell culturesa medium already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals InvivaC. has b
8、een cleared for marketing in Europe.For Americans, the immediate challenge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimate that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last weekend. Thats nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will
9、 have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaignencouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.1.Shortages of flu vaccine show that（ ）.2.The word “cleared” (Line 5, Paragraph
10、3) might mean（ ）.3.Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of（ ）.4.From the last paragraph we can infer that（ ）.5.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?问题1选项A.America relies too much on foreign suppliersB.the demand of flu vaccines is high this yea
11、rC.quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine productionD.the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up问题2选项A.permittedB.removeC.provedD.produced问题3选项A.complicated process, high cost, low profit and high riskB.shortages of fertilized chicken egg
12、sC.difficulty in growing live virusD.fast changing of flu virus问题4选项A.the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictionsB.more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots cannot get them this yearC.America has to deal with limited supply of flu vaccin
13、es this yearD.normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year问题5选项A.All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.B.The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.C.More flu vaccines cannot be pro
14、duced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.D.Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply, says Dr. Martin Myers of the National Network for
15、Immunization Information, and the lack of redundancy in our system. 这再次强调了我们疫苗供应的脆弱性，全国免疫信息网络的Martin Myers博士说，我们的系统缺乏冗余。”可知D项“流感疫苗的供应相当薄弱，美国也没有后备措施来弥补”正确。2.词义题。由“one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe. 有一种基于文化的产品(Solvay Pharmaceuticals的Inv
16、ivac)已经获准在欧洲上市。”根据for marketing in Europe可以判断出应该是“得到官方批准和允许”。故A项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. 为什么这样一项基本的医疗服务如此容易被取消?主要是因为私营企业没有动力去追求它。”接下来作者介绍了复杂的生产工艺，“ Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle
