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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】came off 举行，成功；went off爆炸，离去；brought out 出版，生产；made out理解，辨认出。句意：在深谷里建发电站是困难的，但正如我们所希望的那样成功了。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题You can do it
2、 if you want to, but in my opinion its not worth the（ ）it involves.问题1选项A.forceB.trialC.attemptD.effort【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。force力量；trial试验，审讯；attempt企图，试图；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看来，它不值得你为之付出努力。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Human evolution is lengthy process of change ( ) people originated from apelike ancestors. Sci
3、entific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people evolved over a period of at least 6 million years.问题1选项A.of whichB.by whichC.for whichD.by that【答案】B【解析】句意：人类的进化是一个漫长的变化过程，人类起源于类人猿的祖先。科学证据表明，所有人共有的生理和行为特征都是在至少600万年的时间里进化出来的。4. 单选题In the same way that a child must b
4、e able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place.
5、 One kind of learning is called “ classical conditioning”. This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment; it is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he lear
6、ns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning”. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishme
7、nts. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, we grow and have new experience
8、s. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings,
9、 such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1.The authors main purpose in writing th
10、e passage is to（ ）.2.If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though（ ）that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.3.If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry an
11、imals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through（ ）.4.In the third paragraph, the author is（ ）.5.In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss（ ）.问题1选项A.teach children how to learn to produce and experienc
12、e certain emotionB.give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC.give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learningD.discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced问题2选项A.classical conditioningB.operant conditioningC.nei
13、ther of themD.some other sorts of conditioning问题3选项A.classical conditioningB.operant conditioningC.both of themD.neither of them问题4选项A.discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayB.talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningC.concentrating on learning by readi
14、ng, watching television, interacting with people, and so onD.using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning问题5选项A.definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsB.the third kind of learningC.further examples of learning through operant conditioningD.none of the a
15、bove【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是介绍两种基本的学习方法，即“经典性条件反射”和“操作性条件反射”。所以本题选B。2.信息推断题。根据第二段对操作性条件反射的定义：一个人学着做某事并且得到了回报，学着不去做某事就会得到惩罚。再看题干：给这个人讲笑话很有趣，因为他产生了共鸣，所以你会在他面前努力地表现得更加幽默。产生的共鸣就是你得到的回报，符合操作性条件反射的定义，所以本题选B。3.信息推理题。根据第一段对经典性条件反射的定义：事情或者刺激物比如奖励和惩罚接二连三的到来。再看题干：如果一个孩子被一只狗咬或者吓了几次，他可能学会把毛茸茸的动物与疼痛或惊吓联系在一起，从而对毛茸茸的动物产生恐惧。这符合经典性条件反射的定义，选项A正确。4.信息推理题。根据第三段的一二句可知，本段是举例进一步说明经典性条件反射，选项D正确。5.信息推断题。文章第一段和第二段分别定义了两种学习模式“经典性条件反射”和“操作性条件反射”。第三段是举例进一步说明经典性条件反射，由此可以推断下一段将举例进一
