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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like
2、 ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more a
3、dvanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But mans societies are already sufficiently developed to h
4、ave enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now mans societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate
5、personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have emerged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells th
6、at set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.
7、The units may be “secondary”machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplyi
8、ng under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics of a past a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from
9、 a favored planet.1. Humans on Earth today are characterized by _.2. According to the passage, some people believe that eventually _.3. Even most imaginative people have to admit that _.4. It seems that the writer _.问题1选项A.their existences as free and separate beingsB.their capability of living unde
10、r favorable conditionsC.their great power and effectivenessD.their strong desire for living in a close-knit society问题2选项A.human societies will be much more cooperativeB.man will live in a highly organized worldC.machines will replace manD.living beings will disappear from Earth问题3选项A.human societies
11、 are as advanced as those on some other planetsB.planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayC.it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD.organism are more creative than machines问题4选项A.is interested in the imaginary life formsB
12、.is eager to find a different form of lifeC.is certain of the existence of a new life formD.is critical of the imaginative people【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】Humans on Earth today are characterized by _. 地球上的人类如今的特征是_。A. their existences as free and separate beings A. 他们作为自由和独立的存在而存在B. thei
13、r capability of living under favorable conditions B. 他们有能力在有利的环境中生活C. their great power and effectiveness C. 他们拥有强大的力量和效力D. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society D. 他们渴望生活在一个紧密联系的社会里【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词today are characterized定位到第二段第二句，该处讲到“当今人类（Present-day man）正处于一个特殊的、也许是
14、暂时的阶段。”，结合该段第三句“人的个体单位保留着强烈的个性意识（retain a strong sense of personality）。”，以及第三段第二句“从现在起的五万年里以至于每个人都失去了独立的个性（retain no sense of separate personality）。”可知如今人类的个性和个体特性非常明显，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们有能力在有利的环境中生活”：对应第二段倒数第二句“事实上，在有利的环境下，他们仍然有能力（still capable）过自己的生活。”，可知在以前，人类也有能力在有利的环境中生活，这不是只有在现在才有的特点，属于偷换概念；
15、C选项“他们强大的力量和效力”：对应第二段最后一句“但是人类社会（societies）已经足够发达，拥有比个人更大的力量和效力（have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals）。”，可知拥有强大力量和效力的是社会而不是人类，属于张冠李戴；D选项“他们渴望生活在一个紧密联系的社会里”：对应第三段第二句“从现在起的五万年里（Fifty thousand years from now），人类社会可能已经变得如此紧密地联系在一起。”，可知这里指的是未来，而非现在，属于偷换概念。第2题:【选项释义】According to the passage, some people believe that eventually _. 根据文章，有的人认为最终_。A. human societies will be much more cooperative A. 人类社会将会更加团结协作B. man will live in a highly organized world B. 人类将生活在一个高度组织化的世界里C. machines will replace man C. 机器将取代人D. living beings will disappea
