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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving a
2、nything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers think
3、 they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a clos
4、er look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. T
5、he results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brain s neural （祌经的）network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Co
6、nrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”，he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” Spec
7、ifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.Ri
8、ght now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1. The author s
9、ays that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2. The new trend in artificial intelligence research steins from（ ）.3. Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4. Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5. Which of the following is closest in meaning to
10、the phrase “the only game in town” （Line 3, Para.4）?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an objectB.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shi
11、ft of the focus of study to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the
12、similarities between transistors and brain cells问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence develop in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensation among
13、 artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effortD.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only approac
14、h to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only choice that people are offered with.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。A:能可靠地识别物体的形状,B:接近展现似人类的行为,C:它们在性能上
15、与50年代的那些电脑没有多大不同,D:仍然不能用人类语言与人类进行交流,第一段指出: But as useful as computers are, they re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the s
16、hape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid (但是，如电脑一样有用的它们，却远不能取得任何丝毫类似这些早期对似人类行为的渴望。更谈不上复杂程度如交谈一样的事情：最强大的电脑尽力才能可靠地识别物体的形状，而这对一个10岁的小孩而言却是最基本的任务),由此可知A及B不正确,C项文章并未提及,D项正确。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of tho
