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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题As many of the articles in this issue of The McKinsey Quarterly demonstrate, companies in the developed world are outsourcing（资源外置）ever larger portions of their business to low-cost, highly skilled workers in the developing world. Driving this trend is the
2、remarkable ability of the global workforce to learn on the job.In fact, the relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellec
3、tual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting e
4、nough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The research of the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) during the past decade has consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as
5、 a result, radically higher standards of living.MGI has found ample evidence in the developing world to support this conclusion. In Brazil, for example, the two leading private retail banks are locally owned and staffed but achieve near-global levels of best-practice productivity. A Honda factory in
6、 Brazil performs almost as well as the companys Japanese and US plants. In the same country, the French hypermarket chain Carrefour achieves about 90 percent of the productivity that it achieves at home.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? I have begun to suspect
7、 that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time for education. They didnt have time to wonder much about anythi
8、ng besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn af
9、ford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may
10、be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt dev
11、eloping more quickly there than it is.1.We can conclude from the second paragraph that in poor countries （ ）.2.According to the last paragraph, the economic growth is needed（ ）.3.According to the text, education got started（ ）.问题1选项A.progress in education is necessary for the political developmentB.
12、the importance of education has been overestimatedC.the poor education results in the low standards of livingD.the traditional view about education is groundless问题2选项A.before education can progressB.before a political system can operateC.in poor countries to escape povertyD.to adapt to the competiti
13、ve environment问题3选项A.when the government forced people to studyB.when our ancestors had enough timeC.when our ancestors were no longer physically hungryD.before our ancestors found better ways to get food【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的however, the conventional view that education should be o
14、ne of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong（然而，在贫穷国家教育应该是最优先促进经济快速发展的观点是错误的）可知B选项“教育的重要性被高估了”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由最后一段中的When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. A lack
15、 of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.（当竞争环境推动我们的祖先实现这一潜力时，他们又能提供更多的教育然而，缺乏正规教育并不会限制发展中国家劳动力在可预见的未来大幅度提高生产力的能力）可知经济的增长需要适应竞争环境，因此选D。3.细节事实题。文章第四段的内容为：教育与经济发展的真正关系是什么？我开始怀疑持续的经济增长
16、会促进教育的发展，即使政府不强制教育。毕竟，教育就是这样开始的。当我们的祖先一万年前是猎人和采集者时，他们没有时间接受教育。可知教育开始在我们的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此选D。2. 单选题I dont think the building was well（ ） and constructed.问题1选项A.deceivedB.perceivedC.conceivedD.achieved【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。deceive意为“欺诈”；perceive意为“意识到，察觉到”；conceive意为“想出，构想，设想”；achieve意为“取得”。句意：我觉得这栋建筑构思不太巧妙，也修建得不太好。3
