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1、高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation一.合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。合成adj方式例词1 adj + adjred-hot2 adj + nfirst-class,full-time,part-time3 adj+现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,4 adj+过去分词ready-made5 adj+n-edgood-tempered, middle-aged,cold-blooded6 n+n-ediron-willed7 n + adjworld-famou
2、s, day-long8 n+现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9 n+过去分词man-made, water-covered,10adv + adjever-green11adv +现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12adv +过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured, well-known(2)合成动词13 num+ nfive-year构成方式例词14 num +n+adjfive-year-old1 n+vday-dream2 adv+vovercome, upturn翻起15num+
3、 八过去分词four-legged, six-storied3 adj+vwhite-wash(3)合成n构成方式例词1 n+nhorseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,2 adj + nback-yard,forehead,3动名词+nhidingplace,reading-room4 v + advget-off, break in,5 adv + voutput, overflow(4) 合成adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever(5) 合成代词 whoever, whatever, every
4、one, nobody, myself, something, anything,(6) 合成介词inside在里后缀例词形容-alcentral, industrial, national, natural词-anEuropean, American, Australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,-ishch
5、ildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless,homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary,revol
6、utionary,secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike二、派生 Derivation前缀含义例词a-处在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否dissatisfy, dishonest,定disappear,disorder,disagreeun-不，做unable,unknown,相反动uncommon, uncomfor
7、table,作unfair,unclose,undress,uncover, untiein-不，非inactive,incapable,im-inpatient, incorrectir-impossible, impersonal,il-impolite,immature,impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopde-向相反decentralize （分散）,方向发defrost （解冻）-antignorant,signi
8、ficant,observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent,frequent-lylively, friendly, lovely,weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish展anti-反（对）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings,misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite,remarry,reunite, recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex
9、以前的ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-在上面，超 级supermarket, superpower,unde在underline,r-之下underestimate,underground,inte相互，international, interact,r-之间inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,tran过，穿transformation（变 形），s-过，变translatevice副vice-premie
10、r,-vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicirclesemi-automatic1bi两个bicycle, biennial 两年一次的3tri三个triangle 三角形，tricycl三轮脚踏车，triplets三胞 胎emul-多，多种multiply,multi-national,multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogram后缀缀例词司-warfZs)rer讷，nmr抽ware,mectenrfe, rnwc&e,动1词y-enwidely, strengthen,caKengtheii, shavye，happid
11、en, friswrten,quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify,三、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词 形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种 词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话一 打电话，mirror镜子一像镜子一样反映， drink 喝一饮料，record录音一记录，name,date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的一一使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词）front前面一一前面的4. 形容词转化为名词chief主要的一一首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来
12、常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测 构词法，在阅读理解中，巳不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的 生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的，只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。1. That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do thejob.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness2. The soldier died for sa
13、ving the child， so his is heavier than Mount Tai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death3. The child looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B.sadness C. sadly D. sad4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a. A. chemistry B. chemicalC. chemis D. physician5. The three-chair isnt suitab
14、le for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B . legged C. legs D.leged6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leaderC. leading D. leadership7. When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem ， Jacklooked about at his classmates.A. proudB.proudlyC.prideD. pridely8. To everyone ? s , the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfiedB. satisfactory C.satisfying D.sat
