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1、2022年考博英语-湖南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 写作题In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of My Aim for Doctoral Study” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put you composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1、 你攻读博士学位的目标是 .
2、2、 你确定这一目标的原因是 .3、 你将如何努力实现？【答案】My Aim for Doctoral Study2. 单选题She was delirious last night, but she seems quite lucid this morning.问题1选项A.rationalB.peacefulC.patientD.insane【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 她昨晚昏迷不醒，但今天早晨她起来很清醒。rational:理智的。peaceful:和平的，平静的。 patient:耐心的,耐烦的。insane:患精神病的，极度愚蠢的。lucid:头脑清楚的，理智的。故选A。3
3、. 翻译题随着对知识内涵认识的加深，人类也从不同角度对知识进行分类。从某种意义上说， 对知识进行分类恰恰是建立在对内涵的理解之上的，分类原则本身也在一定程度上体现 出人类在不同社会经济形态下对知识作用的不同认识。我国曾一度按照知识的来源将其 划分为三类：来源于生产实践的知识、来源于社会实践的知识以及来源于科学实验的知 识。德国哲学家马克斯舍勒(MaxScheller)将知识划分为应用知识、学术知识和精神知 识三大类。随着知识经济理论的逐渐发展，经济合作发展组织对知识的分类成为目前最 具有权威性和流行性的一种。根据该组织以知识为基础的经济一书的划分，可以将 “知识归纳为四种类型：事实知识、原理知
4、识、技能知识和人力知识。以上分类是从知 识使用的角度进行的，因而注重知识的实践性和价值性。为了更深地理解知识的含义， 并对其进行有效的管理，我们还可进一步将知识划分为两大类别：显性知识和隐性知识。【答案】With the deepening understanding the essence of knowledge, knowledge is classified from different angles. In one sense, this classification is based on the understanding of the essence of knowledge,
5、 and the classifying principle itself, to certain extent, reflects the different understanding of the functions of knowledge under different social-economical circumstances. In China, the sources of knowledge have been divided, for a time, into three kinds: knowledge comes from production practice,
6、from social practice and from scientific experimentation. While Max Scheier, the German philosopher, holds that application knowledge, academic knowledge and spiritual knowledge are the three categories form the whole of knowledge. As the steady development of knowledge economy theory, the categoriz
7、ation of knowledge according to the Organization of Economic Cooperation & Development is by far most popular and holds greatest authority. As per the book Economy Based on Knowledge published by the organization, “knowledge” can be categorized as the following four types: facts, principles, skills
8、and human knowledge. This classification is worked by considering the application of knowledge, thus more attention is paid to its practicability and value. However, to understand deeper the definition of knowledge, and carry out effective management, we may further divide it into two categories: vi
9、sible knowledge and invisible one.4. 判断题判断题测试0.0问题1选项A.对B.错【答案】A【解析】试题解析T.T5. 单选题The police have offered a large（ ） for information leading to the robbers arrest.问题1选项A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.reward【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意: 为抓捕逃犯提供信息，警方将 高额赏金。award 奖金，奖学金，通常与一 段时间的成绩和表现相关；compensation 补偿，赔偿，一般与损失相关； pr
10、ize 奖赏，奖金，一般与竞赛或比赛相关；reward 报酬，奖赏，一般与 劳动、服务、支持和帮助相关。6. 单选题Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what langua
11、ge a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to
12、 survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly
13、.If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages ar
14、e reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighte
15、en months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is bom with the capacity to speak. What is speci
16、al about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, if the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern toy-bear”. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to
