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1、分考点1不定式作状语Poi nt 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to或so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。The bus stopped so as to pick up pa
2、sse ngers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。Point 2作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做.Too.to do太而不能.So/such. as to.如此.以至于.I went to see him last ni ght only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the
3、job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。He is old eno ugh to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。Poi nt 3作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappo in ted, excited,glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为主语 +系动词+形容词+to do ”。Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。I was surprised to find him here.发现他在这里我很开心。【特另 U注意】 easy, difficult, hard, cheap,
4、 expe nsive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质， 后面接不定式作状语时， 不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。En glish is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。The book is very hard to un dersta nd. 这本书很难理解。分考点2分词作状语形式意义Doi ng主动，进行Having doing主动，完成Done被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态Being done被动，进行，意为“正在被做”Having bee n done被动，完成Poi nt 1作时
5、间状语，常用在 whe n , while , before , si nee, as引导的原因状语从句中。He went through the papers while having breakfast(= while he was having breakfast). 他边吃早饭边看报纸。When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public. 这条路在竣工后会正式通车。Poi nt 2作原因状语，相当于because，si nee，as引导的原因状语从句。Not un dersta ndin
6、g this, he asked the teacher about.= Because he did n tun dersta nd this,he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解，关于那个问题他问了老师。Defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.= Because he was defeated by his desk mate, he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁。Point 3作条件状语，相当于if， unless引导的条件状语从句。Working hard, you
7、succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.如果努力学习，你会成功的。Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work. 如果多给我点时间，我就能完成这项工作。Point 4作结果状语。常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。Their car was caught i n a traffic jam, thus caus ing the delay.他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了时间。The fir
8、e lasted n early a mon th, leavi ng nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。【特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语。Point 5作方式或伴随状语。He made the boy sit there, promis ing he would not hurt him.他让那个小男孩坐在那边，答应不伤害他。The teacher came into the lab, followed by some stude nts.老师走进实验室，身后跟着一些学生。(伴随状语)Point 6作让步状语，相当于 though， alt
9、hough， even if等引导的让不状语从句。Warned of the dan ger, he still went skat ing on the thin ice. = Though he was warned of the dan ger, he still went skat ing on the thin ice.尽管被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。Lack ing of mon ey, he man aged to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked mon ey, he man aged to borr
10、ow money and bought the phone.虽然缺钱，他还是设法借钱买了手机。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.虽然被告诫过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。分考点3独立成分作状语Point有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常 见的有：独立成分含义Gen erally speak ing一般来说Fra
11、n kly/ hon estly speak ing坦白地/老实说Judg ing from/ by.根据来判断Con sideri ng./tak in g.i nto con siderati on/ acco unt考虑到.To tell you the truth说实话See in g.考虑到.Suppos ing/ suppose (that)假如.Provided/ providi ng (that).假如.Give n.考虑到.Assu min g.假使.Compared to/with与相比Judg ing from his acce nt, he is from the So
12、uth.从口音上判断，他是南方人。Considering your health, you better have a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。To tell you the truth, I m a little tired.说实话，我有点累。分考点4独立主格结构作状语Point 1独立主格结构的含义、特点及构成： 含义：（1）独立主格结构的主语和句子的逻辑主语不同。（2）独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介 词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。（3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。构成：（with/without ）+n./ pron
13、.+adj./ adv./ to do/ doing/ done/介词短语Point 2名词/代词+非谓语动词Weather permitti ng, we will go swimmi ng.如果天气允许，我们就去游泳。Everything considered, the plan is better.把一切因素考虑在内的话，这项计划还算不错。Poi nt 3 with/ without + 名词/代词+宾语补足语With all lights turned on, the buildi ng looks more beautiful.灯全亮的时候，大楼显得更婆罗门了。He lay ther
14、e thinking, with his hands beh ind his head.他双手放在头下，躺在那儿思考。考点23非谓语动词作定语的用法分考点1不定式作定语。Point 1不定式作定语表示将来的动作。I have a lot of things to do.我有许多事要做。The questi on to be discussed at the meeti ng is very importa nt.将在会议上被讨论的那个问题非常重要。Point 2不定式放在某些名词或代词后作定语。 如果做定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后要加介词。Im not sure which restaura
15、 nt to eat at.我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。I have no room to live in. 我没有房子住。He has no pan to write with. 他没有钢笔写字。Point 3不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all， any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到达学校，最后一个离校。Point 4被修饰词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有 :ability, cha nee, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。Do you have the ability to read and write
