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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Someone who is（ ） usually says the opposite of what they really mean in order to insult someone.问题1选项A.artisticB.fantasticC.sarcasticD.romantic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。artistic“艺术的，风雅的”;fantastic“奇异的；不可思议的；极好的”; sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：那些尖酸刻薄的人经常说反话
2、来侮辱别人。由后半句says the opposite of what they really mean in order to insult someone可知此空填贬义词，并且只有C项符合所描述的对象的特征，故C项正确。2. 翻译题While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than
3、plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more i
4、ntegrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高
5、管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，而是运气等因素。所有无魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。3. 单选题People who lack（ ） core values rely on such external factors as their looks or status in order to feel good about themselves
6、.问题1选项A.genuineB.horizontalC.navalD.pessimistic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。genuine“真实的，真正的”；horizontal“水平的，地平线的”；naval“海军的，军舰的”；pessimistic“悲观的”。句意：缺乏（ ）核心价值观的人依赖一些外部因素，比如相貌或地位来使自己感觉良好。能修饰core values的只有A项。4. 单选题I got a little（ ） when I learned that the appointment with the general manger was changed to another
7、 time.问题1选项A.concernedB.distractedC.upsetD.vicious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。concerned“有关的，关心的”；distracted“注意力分散的，分心的”；upset“心烦的，混乱的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”。句意：当我得知和总经理预约改期后，我有点（ ）。由句意内容推测预约改期后应该是心烦的，故C项正确。5. 单选题All parent-child relationships demand excellent communication skills, （ ） both parents and children will
8、 experience tremendous frustrations in family life.问题1选项A.and thusB.without themC.so thatD.without which【答案】D【解析】定语从句。句意：所有的亲子关系都需要优秀的沟通技巧，（ ）父母和孩子将在家庭生活中经历巨大的挫折。前半句强调的是优秀沟通技巧的重要性，后半句表明了一个结果，由该结果“tremendous frustrations巨大的挫折”可知应该是在没有优秀的沟通技巧的条件下才会出现的结果。故先排除AC项。此句为定语从句， which指代上文提到的excellent communica
9、tion skills,故本题答案为D。6. 单选题The natural disasters have immeasurably （ ） the social and economic development of our country.问题1选项A.impressedB.affectedC.effectedD.interfered【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。impress“给予某人深刻印象”；affect“影响；感染；”; effect“产生; 达到目的”；interfere“冲突;介入”。句意：自然灾害会对我们国家的社会和经济产生不可估量的影响。由natural disasters
10、可推知自然灾害会对经济和社会产生影响。故B项正确。7. 单选题To（ ） for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。commmence入手；compromise 妥协，折中；compensate赔偿；，弥补，抵消；compliment恭维，称赞。由后半句他喝了过多的酒是来消除他不愉快的经历，借酒消愁。故C项正确。8. 单选题He always has a
11、 lot of（ ） ideas in his mind, and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about.问题1选项A.novelB.minuteC.explicitD.solemn【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。novel“新奇的，异常的”；minute“微小的，详细的”；explicit“明确的，清楚的”；solemn“庄严的，严肃的”。句意：他总是有许多（ ）的想法，有时候我们甚至不知道他在想什么。由后半句“我们有时候不知道他在想什么”可推知他的想法是很新奇的，故A项符合题意。9. 写作题Directions:
12、Answer the following question with no less than 50 words. Remember to write your answer clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. （5% ）Who is Confucius（孔子）？ 【答案】略10. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark Living without an aim is like sailing without a
13、 compass You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 200 words. Put your essay on Answer Sheet.Part I Cloze 【答案】略11. 单选题To write a summary effectively, you will need to （ ）words for phrases, phrases for
14、 sentences, and general entrances for lists of details.问题1选项A.convertB.complementC.substituteD.constitute【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。convert转换,使转变；complement补足，补助；substitute代替；constitute组成，构成。substitute for 代替。句意：为了写好一篇摘要，你需要用单词替代短语，用短语替代句子，用主旨替代细节。故C项正确。12. 单选题There are good reasons to be troubled by the viole
15、nce that spreads throughout the media. Movies. Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask whats wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences list
