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1、第一套Child Maltreatment is aglobal problem with serious life-longconsequences .There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of childmaltreatment .Data for many countries, especially low and middle income,countries , are lacking.虐待儿童是一个全球性问题 ,它导致严重的终生的后果。全球对虐待儿童普遍程度没有可靠的估计。很多国家,特别是低收入和中等收入
2、国家对数据也缺乏。Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimatesvary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and5%-10% of men report being sexually abused when they were children, while2
3、5%-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, manychildren are subject to emotional abuse【sometimes referred to as psychologicalabuse.】虐待儿童是一个复杂和困难的研究课题。目前的估计差别很大取决于国家和方法研究。尽管如此,国际研究显示, 大约 20%的女性和 5% -10%的男性被性虐待，他们还是孩子的时候,而 25% - 50%的儿童自述受到身体虐待。此外,许多儿童正遭受情感虐待【有时被称为心理虐待。】Every
4、year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in childrenunder 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as asignificant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls ,burns and drowning.每年，大约有 3100015 岁以下儿童凶杀死亡。这个数字低估了真正的问题的严重程度，很大比例的儿童
5、虐待造成的死亡被错误地归咎于跌落 ,烧伤和溺水。Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can havelong-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated withdisruption in early brain development . Extreme stress can impair thedevelopment of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently
6、as adults,maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural ,physical and mentalhealth problems .Via the behavioral and mental health consequences,maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexuallytransmitted infections.虐待儿童给儿童及家庭造成痛苦,并可能产生长期的后果。虐待会导致精神紧张,这与早期大脑发育受到损害
7、有关。极端的压力会损害发展神经和免疫系统 。因此作为成年人, 虐待儿童有更高的风险行为、生理和心理健康问题。通过行为和心理健康后果,虐待会导致心脏疾病,癌症,自杀和性传播感染。Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is aneconomic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment,child, welfare And longer-term health costs.儿童虐待健康的后果，还有经济影响，包括住院治疗，心理
8、健康治疗费用，儿童，福利和健康的长期成本。A number of risk factors for maltreatment have been identified. These riskfactors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide anoverview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. 很多虐待的危险因素已经被确认。这些风险因素还未出现在所有的社会和文化背景,但提供一个概述,当试图了解虐待儿童问题产
9、生的原因。It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never toblame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child mayincrease the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four yearsold or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill
10、the expectations ofparents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormalphysical features.需要强调的是，孩子是受害者并没有责怪虐待。一些个人特征的儿童可能会增加的被虐待可能性，如是四岁以下或青少年，是不必要的，或没有履行父母的期望和有特殊需要，坚持哭声或有异常的外表特征。1. According to the passage, the difficult situation in the global estimates ofThe child maltreatmen
11、t is due to the following factors EXCEPT_,根据短文,在全球的情况下估计虐待儿童困难的，是由于下列因素，除了_A. child maltreatment is global problem. 虐待儿童是一个全球性的问题。B. there is no exact data about low-and mid-income countries 并没有确切的数据对低收入和中等收入国家C. there is a shortage of the professional data collectors 缺乏专业数据收集D: different scientists
12、 use different research methods不同的科学家使用不同的研究方法2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? 根据课文下列哪个陈述是真实的呢?A20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood. 20%的女性在童年了受到性虐待。B. 25%-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused报道 25% - -50%的儿童是在身体受虐待C .
13、25%-50% of children were psychologicallllyy abused,25% - -50%的儿童心理虐待,D60%-75% of children were neglected by their parents.60% - -75%的儿童被他们的父母所忽视3. According to the passage, many homicide deaths in children under 15 are. Wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT _根据短文,许多 15 岁以下儿童被杀害是错误地分为以下
14、类型，除了 _A. Drowning in swimming 溺水C. burns 烧伤 D .falls 跌落 B. diarrhea 腹泻Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused bychild？下列哪个没有提到当坏孩子带来的影响A: The child will behave badly m his memory of childhood when he growsup. 当他长大，孩子的表现是他的童年记忆。B. Child maltreatment hurts his nervous arid im
15、mune systems. 虐待儿童伤害他的神经脆弱的免疫系统。C. Child maltreatment damages his early brain development. 儿童虐待损害他的早期大脑发育。D. The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood. . 他成年后孩子是容易患许多疾病5. According to the passage, the maltreated children often bear all the followingCharacteristics EXCEPT_根据短文, 所有以下特征儿童经常承受虐待，除了_ A. they frequently and easily cry 他们经常和容易哭泣B. they are infants or in adolescent period , 他们是婴儿的或在青少年时期,C. they are often neglected by their parents or friends 他们往往会被他们的父母或者朋友忽视,D. they often try their best to meet the requirements of their parents 他们
