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1、运动训练方法项间移植 北京体育大学 博士学位论文 运动训练方法的项间移植 姓名：陈笑然 申请学位级别：博士 专业：体育教育训练学 指导教师：田麦久 20050501 北京体育大学博士学位论文 运动训练方法的项间移植 运动训练方法的项间移植 （摘要） 任何一个竞技运动项目的发展过程，都不可能处于完全闭锁式的状态，在与外界的信息 交流中，很自然地会从其它项目吸收那些对自己适用的训练方法，这就是运动训练方法的项 间移植现象，无论是训练实践或是训练理论都期待着训练方法项间移植相关问题的深入研 究，本研究采用文献研究、问卷调查、逻辑分析、个案研究和统计分析等方法，得到以下结 论： 1.运动训练方法的“项
2、间移植”，就是指把某个运动项目的一种或几种训练方法转移、 应用到其它项目上去的做法。训练方法项间移植对专项运动训练方法具有高度的导向性与互 补性、并表现出一定的创新性与训练效果的高效性。 2.运动训练方法的项间移植有助于运动训练的组织者和参与者拓展思路,开阔视野,掌 握和创造更多训练的方法和手段，提高训练效果。 3.促进运动训练方法项间移植发展的主要因素是：不同竞技项目训练方法发展的不平 衡、竞技运动水平提高的社会需求、科学技术的发展、社会信息化程度的提高、多领域嫁接 技术的应用。诸多影响因素主要通过竞技体育的激烈竞争机制、运动成绩的激励机制和运动 训练成效的评判机制作用于，并促进着运动训练方
3、法项间移植的发展。这些机制的健全和完 善，将会使得运动训练方法的项间移植在竞技运动训练中更广泛、更有效地得到应用，并展 现出更高的训练效益。 4.运动训练方法项间移植有“模仿型移植”、“改进型移植”、“发展型移植”三种基 本类型。 5.运动训练方法项间移植系统主要由项间移植主体、移植目标、移植手段、移植对象、 移植成果五大要素组成。 6.不同训练方法在向不同专项移植转换的过程包括以下两个具体的阶段：构思设计与组 织实施阶段，其中构思设计阶段包括：移植灵感、构建方法、明确问题、设计方案四个部分； 组织实施阶段涵盖：组织条件、实际操作、验证结果、推广应用四个步骤。 7.运动训练方法项间移植必须遵循
4、的基本原则有：新颖性原则、目标性原则、灵活性原 则、可行性原则、科学性原则。 8.实现运动训练方法项间移植应遵循的基本要求是：转变训练观念、把握项间移植的度、 捕捉项间移植灵感、选准项间移植突破口、形成项间移植思路、掌握项间移植技巧、提高项 间移植成功率、实践项间移植方案、获取项间移植成果。 关键词：运动训练方法；项间移植；规律；类型；要素；原则；基本要求 北京体育大学博士学位论文 运动训练方法的项间移植 Transferring Among Sports Events in Sport Training （Abstract ） Any development of sport event s
5、hould depend on the communication with other information and assimilate other methods adapted for its development, which could be named of “transfer on training method”. Whatever in training practice or training theory, sport events transfer was greatly needed. Review, questionnaire, logistic analys
6、is and case study were adopted in the study. The conclusions were as follows: 1. Sport events transfer on sport training method could be defined as a way to transfer one or some training methods to others and accomplish a series of new sport event training methods creatively. Sports events transfer
7、was characterized by good guidance, compensation, creation and efficiency. 2. Sports events transfer helped to widen organizers and participators views and create more good training methods to improve training effect in sports training. 3. Which gave impetus to sport events transfer on training meth
8、od was summarized into several factors, such as unbalance of development among different training methods, improvement of competitive ability, development of science and technology, great social information and application of multiple sciences. The above factors made effect on the development of spo
9、rts events by sharp competition, impetus mechanism of sport performance and evaluation mechanism of training results. The process of improvement and perfection of those mechanisms could prompt sports events transfer to be applied widely and revealed more training effect. 4. There were three types in
10、 sports training transfer: imitation transfer, improvement transfer and development transfer. 5. The whole system of sports events transfer was composed of subjects, aim, method, objects and results. 6. There were two phases during transfer: design and implementation. Transferring intuition, constru
11、cting transfer materials, clarifying the problems and designing schemes were included in designing phase. And during implementation phase, organization, operation, confirmation and application were involved. 7. All transfers should observe some basic principles: being creative, being purposeful, bei
12、ng flexible, being feasible and being scientific. 8. There were several key points during transfer, which consisted of changing ideas, pondering the degree of transfer, seizing inspiration, selecting correct breakthrough, enlarging range of transfer, constructing transferring idea, improving the degree of transferring success, implementing trans
