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1、2PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTThe Philippines generates about 10,000 million tons of solid waste per year and only 12 percent of the waste is recycled and re-used. The single most dominant issue for solid waste management (SWM) is the inadequacy of disposal facilities. Presently, open dumping is
2、 still the most common waste disposal method as controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills (SLFs) are very limited. The opportunities presented by this serious environmental problem to suppliers of solid waste management products and equipment are enormous. The potential, however, is tempered by in
3、adequate funds and technical capability, lack of political will and other problems. Despite the limitations, the market for SWM is still expected to grow five percent in the next three years. The major end-users of SWM products and equipment are the local government units and their private contracto
4、rs as well as private proponents of SWM projects. The equipment cost and the source of project funding are major purchase considerations of end-users. Overview Solid waste is an environmental problem that has reached critical proportions in the Philippines. Due to a growing population, rapidly incre
5、asing consumption and increasing urbanization, waste generated in the Philippines is estimated at 19,700 tons per day. Projections show that waste generation will increase 47 percent by 2010, or 28,875 tons per day. SWM is the responsibility of local government units (LGUs), i.e., barangays (the sma
6、llest political unit composed of 50-100 families), municipalities, cities and provincial governments. There are 41,392 barangays, 1502 municipalities, 116 cities and 71 provinces nationwide. The barangay is responsible for the segregation of waste at source, collection of biodegradable and recyclabl
7、e components and setting up of a materials recovery facility (MRF). There are about 976 MRFs nationwide. The municipality or city governments are responsible for the collection and disposal of residual nonbiodegradable and hazardous waste, except in Metro Manila where disposal is within the mandate
8、of the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA). Republic Act (RA) No. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000) was signed into law in January 2000 to address the gargantuan solid waste problem of the Philippines. It espouses the reuse, recovery and recycling of MSW, with special emphas
9、is on composting, as opposed to outright disposal. RA 9003 set February 2004 as the deadline for shifting from open to controlled dumping. By February 2006, the law states that controlled dumpsites will be deemed closed and phased out. RA 9003 does not specify what type of disposal facility should b
10、e operated when the controlled dumpsites are phased out. However, the law contains minimum requirements for designing SLFs as well as minimum considerations for operating SLFs. February 2004 has long passed but only about 126 LGUs had implemented the conversion of open dumps into controlled disposal
11、 facilities. There are still about 734 open dumpsites nationwide. In contrast, there are only four SLFs (Clark Ecozone in Tarlac; Cebu City in the Visayas; Bais, Negros Oriental and Puerto Princesa City, Palawan) in the country. About 215 sites have been identified as potential SLFs. At the current
12、rate of implementation, LGUs full compliance with the law is difficult to achieve. Disregard for solid waste disposal regulations and laws, lack of political will, huge capital outlay requirements and insufficient funds, lengthy and bureaucratic processes (permits, environmental clearance certificat
13、e, etc.), inadequate technical capacity, insufficient number or inappropriate collection vehicles, inability to reach households or collection stations and limited storage at transfer points are among the problems. In addition, potential disposal sites are difficult to find due to public resistance
14、to hosting facilities for storage, processing, treatment and final disposal of MSW. The failure of LGUs to close open dumps and establish the proper disposal facilities is now subject to lawsuits. The effect of these lawsuits on LGUs should be closely monitored. If this will impel them to seriously
15、implement RA 9003, then the demand for SWM products and equipment will increase tremendously. Since the establishment of dumps and landfills is costly, many LGUs are pushing for more composting and recycling activities. There are reports that the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), t
16、he government entity tasked to oversee the implementation of solid waste management plans, may release information on types of disposal facilities other than SLF that LGUs may operate by December 2005. These other types of disposal facilities will have direct impact on the types of SWM products and equipment that will be demanded by LGUs and their contractors or partners. RA 9003 promotes recycling. To date, only 12 percent of MSW is recycled or reused. About 50
