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1、2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In the 19th century it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that the resources of the sea were unlimited. For example, a （1） biologist writing in the mid 1800s commented that all of the great sea fisheries are （2） . Today theres evidence that
2、 the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as （3） of the land and the air and the concern of conservationists now includes herring and cod （4） the African elephant, the Indian tiger and the American eagle. （5） , the threat to fish is more alarming in some ways than the threat to birds and
3、 land animals because fish are a much-needed food resource. Many people throughout the world depend on fish as an important part of their diets and a （6） in the fish supply could have （7） effects （8） hunger and population. Fishermen in the N.Atlantic alone annually （9）20 billion pounds of fish （10）
4、food demands. But it is important to recognize that these practices cannot continue without depleting fish resources within the next few years.问题1选项A.noteworthyB.notedC.noticeableD.notifying问题2选项A.inexhaustibleB.inexhaustedC.exhaustibleD.exhausted问题3选项A.thatB.itC.whichD.those问题4选项A.but alsoB.andC.as
5、 well asD.with问题5选项A.FurthermoreB.NeverthelessC.MoreD.However问题6选项A.increaseB.declineC.decreeD.increment问题7选项A.expositiveB.expansiveC.extensiveD.excessive问题8选项A.toB.onC.forD.in问题9选项A.harvestB.buyC.askD.raise问题10选项A.to insureB.to satisfyC.to ignoreD.to complete【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第
6、8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】（1）形近词辨析。noteworthy显著的；noted著名的；noticeable显而易见的, 明显的；notifying为名词, 意为通知。根据原文可知, 这里修饰人, 只有选项B正确。（2）inexhaustible无穷无尽的；inexhausted未用尽的；exhaustible用尽的；exhausted耗尽的。上文提到海洋的资源是无尽的, 这里是举例说明, 所以选项A符合原文。（3）根据原文句意可知, 此处缺少land的宾语。those指代上句提到的resources。这里是把海洋, 陆地和空中的资源进行对比。所以选项D符合语境。（4）herri
7、ng, cod和后面的African elephant等属于并列关系, 所以选项C符合句意。（5）上一句提到了“threat”, 这一句依然讲的是“threat”, 所以这里是递进关系, 选项A符合语境。（6）根据定冠词a可首先排除选项A和D；根据句意可知是供应减少, 所以选项B正确。（7）extensive effects为常用的搭配, 意为广泛的影响, 所以选项C正确。（8）对.产生影响用介词on, 所以选项B正确。（9）根据句意可知, 这里指收获200亿磅的鱼, 选项A符合句意。（10）satisfy demands为常用搭配, 意为“满足需求”。选项B正确。2. 单选题People c
8、an be addicted to different thingsfor example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; that is, they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders.
9、 They fell that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others is irrationalimpossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their
10、 pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy th
11、ings that they dont need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for thei
12、r behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business-people, Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider peoples needs for love, po
13、wer, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems wit
14、h money.Although behavior has many causes, most scientists seek to isolate single causes. This makes the scientific study of behavior hard. Many researchers in psychology use controlled experiments in which they can examine the effect of one factor at a time in a particular kind of behavior. Some in
15、vestigators design experiments to test the behavioral effects of several factors in various combinations. Still other researchers study behavior in the real world by observing people in their daily activities. Observing behavior outside controlled experiments cannot prove that one thing causes another. But studying people in the real world often helps scientists see the ways in which causes identified in experiments actually operate in peoples daily lives.Specialists
