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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Dont talk _ you are eating.问题1选项A.whileB.whenC.asD.as soon as【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. while 当时候 B. when 当时候C. as 正当时候 D. as soon as 一就【考查点】时间连词的辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“吃饭的时候不要说话”，“说话”和“吃饭”都是延续性动作，并且从句部分“吃饭的时候”使用的是现在进行时，。因此，时间连词应该使用A选项while“当时候”。【干扰项排除】B选项when的用法：表示“每当时候”，暗示一种规律
2、性的情况时；主句是一个暂时性动作，从句是一个延续性动作；C选项as的用法：主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”的意思时；两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于“随着”；主句是一个暂时性动作，从句是一个延续性动作；D选项as soon as“一就”，表示两个动作几乎同时发生，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】吃饭的时候不要说话。2. 单选题_ my mind, Peter is not a good choice.问题1选项A.WithB.ForC.ToD.On【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. With 带有 B. For 为了C. To 对于 D. On 在上；关于【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】
3、原句语义为“_我的想法（my mind），Peter不是一个好的选择。”固定搭配to my mind“在我看来；依我看”最符合原句语义衔接。C选项To“对于”符合搭配。【干扰项排除】A选项With“带有”，与原文搭配不当；B选项For“为了”，与原文搭配不当；D选项On my mind表示“惦记；担心；挂念”，没有“依我看”符合原句语义衔接。【句意】依我看，Peter不是一个好的选择。3. 翻译题II. (本题3段，每段10分)Humanistic psychologyHumanistic psychologists believe that behaviorists are over-con
4、cerned with the scientific study and analysis of the actions of man as an organism, to the neglect of basic aspects of man as a feeling, thinking individual, and that too much effort is spent in laboratory research, which quantifies and reduces human behavior to its elements. Humanists also take iss
5、ue with the deterministic orientation of psychoanalysis, which postulates that mans early experiences and drives determine his behavior. Humanists tend to believe that the individual is responsible for his life and actions and may time creatively change his attitudes or behavior through awareness an
6、d will. The humanist is concerned with the fullest growth of the individual in the areas of love, fulfillment, self-worth, and autonomy; maturation is considered a process during which one establishes and follows ones system of values.Experiment methodThe experiment is a research in which the invest
7、igator manipulates a variable carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result. Thus, the purpose of an experiment is to find out how one variable, lets call it X, affects another variable, which well call Y. In this formulation, we refer to X a
8、s the independent variable to Y as the dependent variable. An independent variable is a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable. A good shortcut for sorting out the independent variables in experiments is to fit the variables into the equation “H
9、ow X affects Y.”IntelligenceIntelligence refers to cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experience, to reason well, and to cope effectively with the demands of daily living. In short, intelligence has to do with how well a person is able to use cognition in coping with the world. The t
10、erm intelligence was not in widespread use until it was popularized in the late 1800s by the writings of Sir Francis Galton. Galton was a cousin of Charles Darwin, the scientist credited for developing the theory of evolution based on natural selection of inherited characteristics. Galton believed t
11、hat intellectual ability was inherited, and he tried unsuccessfully to develop an intelligence test to use in his research. Although he was unsuccessful in his own research, Galton gave psychology the concept of intelligence.【答案】人本心理学4. 单选题In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Ford
12、s Theatre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, Americas Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal”, 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation fou
13、nded on the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, and 11 Slave. The Souths economy was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the backs of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Un
14、ion, the South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as
15、a slave state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri “like a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.”War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.By 1860, when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of sla
