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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The speaker was known to be quite the（ ）, so the program was well attended.问题1选项A.raconteurB.raquonteurC.racquonteurD.raqonteur【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项raconteur“健谈者；擅长讲故事的人”；B，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：大家都知道这位演讲者的确是一位健谈者，所以这个节目有很多人参加。结合句意，故A选项正确。2. 单选题There is much I enjo
2、y about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the（ ） from fall to winter.问题1选项A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transmission“传动装置；传送；播送”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项transition“过渡；转变”；D选项transfer“转让；转移；传递；过户”。句意：虽然我对于变化的季节有很多喜欢的地方，但是我最喜欢的时间是从秋天到冬天的
3、过渡。由句意可知C选项正确。3. 单选题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, whe
4、re sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agri
5、culture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it w
6、as relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution, competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to
7、 diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.
8、All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the no
9、tion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the var
10、ious ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon cost of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than th
11、at of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.1.How do people often measure progress in agriculture?2.Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in （ ）.3.What does the
12、 author think of traditional farming practices?4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?问题1选项A.By its productivity.B.By its sustainability.C.By its impact on the environment.D.By its contribution to economic growth.问题2选项A.localized pol
13、lutionB.the shrinking of farmlandC.competition from overseasD.the decrease of biodiversity问题3选项A.They have remained the same over the centuries.B.They have not kept pace with population growth.C.They are not necessarily sustainable.D.They are environmentally friendly.问题4选项A.It will go through radica
14、l changes.B.It will supply more animal products.C.It will abandon traditional farming practices.D.It will cause zero damage to the environment.问题5选项A.To remind people of the need of sustainable developmentB.To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C.To advance new criteria for measuri
15、ng farming progress.D.To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。通过题干定位到原文第一段“This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.”，中文翻译：这种情况在农业上尤其如此，可持续发展经常被当成是农业进步的唯一衡量标准，而农业的历史和文化方面却没有被恰当地了解。综合考虑，选项B“通过它的可持续性”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段“However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.”，中文翻译：然而，这些改变也导致栖息地的减
