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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 不定项选择题Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from
2、bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there”.Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Be
3、rkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides. Says he, “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be stron
4、g carcinogens a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “Were got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”Yet the
5、 issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contai
6、ns natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good
7、food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumer
8、s will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain from fields to processing plants to kitchens.1. What does the author think of the Americans view of their food?2. The author considers it imposs
9、ible to obtain no-risk food because（ ）.3. By saying “they employ chemical warfare” (Paragraph 2, Line 4), Bruce Ames means （ ）.4. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on （ ）.5. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?问题1选项A.They overstate the governm
10、ents interference with the food industry.B.They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C.They overestimate the hazards of their food.D.They overlook the risks of the food they eat.问题2选项A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB.pesticides are widely used in agricultureC.many veg
11、etables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD.almost all foods have additives问题3选项A.plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB.plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC.farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD.farmers use chemicals
12、to protect plants against pests and diseases问题4选项A.the governmentB.the processorC.the consumerD.the grower问题5选项A.Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B.Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C.Health food is not a dream in modern society.D.Th
13、ere is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段第一句“Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. 许多美国人对围绕食品的大多数风险持有严重扭曲和夸大的看法。”可知C项“他们高估了食物的危害。”与原文相符；A项“他们夸
14、大了政府对食品工业的干预”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“他们对食品的安全性过于乐观。”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“他们忽略了他们所吃食物的风险。”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第二句“up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides. 高达植物重量10%的成分是天然杀虫剂。”可知A项“没有一种食物是不受环境污染的”与原文相符。B项“农药在农业中被广泛使用”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“许多蔬菜包含危险的天然化学物质”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“几乎所有的食品都含有添加剂”，原
15、文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第三句“Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves. 因为植物没有颌或牙齿来保护自己”可知这里的“they employ chemical warfare 它们使用化学武器”代指“植物产生某些化学物质来对抗虫害和疾病”，由此知A项“植物产生某种化学物质来对抗病虫害”与原文相符。B项“植物吸收有用的化学物质来促进它们的生长”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“农民使用人造化学物质溶解植物中的天然化学物质”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“农民使用化学药品保护
16、植物免受病虫害”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句“Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. 也许最重要的是，消费者将不得不更好地学习如何正确处理和烹饪食物。”可知C项“消费者”正确。A项“政府”；B项“加工者”；D项“种植者”。因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第二句“While Americans have no reason to be
