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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The inauguration of the new president will be held at 8 oclock（ ）.问题1选项A.sharplyB.rightC.promptD.punctually【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A: sharply “严厉地；锋利地”；B: right “立刻” ; C: prompt “迅速的； 敏捷的”；D: punctually “准时地”。 句意：新总统的就职典礼将于8点准时举行。根据前文“在八点”得知表示时间的准点，因此可知D为正确答案。2.
2、单选题You dont have to install this radio in your new car, its an（ ）extra.问题1选项A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析题。A选项 excessive “过多的，过分的，额外的”；B选项 optional “可选择的，随意的”；C选项 additional “另外的，附加的，额外的”；D选项 arbitrary “任意的，武断的，独裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新车上安装收音机，它是可选的配件。结合此处语义，B选项正确。3. 单选题It is t
3、ime that the world called a（ ）to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.问题1选项A.interruptionB.pauseC.ceaseD.halt【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: interruption “中断；打断” ；B: pause “暂停”；C: cease “终止”；D: halt “停止；阻止（停止某项事情的进展）”。句意：现在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的时刻。根据语境可知D为正确答案。4. 单选题The amount of heat produced by this electrical apparat
4、us is（ ）at will by turning a small handle.问题1选项A.variableB.variousC.differentD.diverse【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: variable “可变的” ；B: various “各种各样的”；C: different “不同的”；D: diverse “不同的”。句意：由这个电子设备产生的热量是可变的-任意转动一个小的操按钮即可。根据句意，判断出A为正确答案。5. 翻译题In contrast to the science of classical antiquity, modern science
5、is basically unfinished whereas ancient science had the appearance of something completed to which the notion of progress was not essential. Modern science progresses into the infinite.Modern science has realized that a finished and total world-view is scientifically impossible. Only when scientific
6、 criticism is crippled by making particulars absolute can a closed view of the world pretend to scientific validityand then it is a false validity. Those great new unified systems of knowledgesuch as modern physicshave grown up in the scientific times only with single aspects of reality. And reality
7、, as a whole, has been fragmented as never before; whence the openness of the modern world is contrast to the closed Greek cosmos.【答案】和古典时代的科学相比，现代科学基本上是未完成状态，然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象，而且进步的概念对此非常重要。现代科学进入无限境地。现代科学已经知道，完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的。只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候，僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后，这个有效性也是虚假的。那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识
8、体系一一比如现代物理只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展。整体来看，现实已经前所未有的支离破碎。于此，现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比。6. 单选题It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.For example, it ha
9、s been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women wo
10、uld give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry. Observers thus differed con
11、cerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations
12、as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was large
13、ly an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new clas
14、s of dead-end jobs, thenceforth considered womens work. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women-than it did with their own economic necessity and
15、 with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer wo
