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1、中英文对照的分子育种相关名词3untranslated region (3UTR)3非翻译区5untranslated region (5; UTR)5非翻译区A chromosome A 染色体AATAAA 多腺苷酸化信号aberration 崎变abiogenesis非生源说accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory nucleus 副核accessory protein辅助蛋白accident variance 偶然变异Ac-Ds system Ac-Ds 系统acentric chromosome无着丝粒染色体acentric fragment 无着丝粒片段a
2、centric ring 无着丝粒环achromatin 非染色质acquired character获得性状acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体acrosyndesis 端部联会activating transcription factor 转录激活因子activator 激活剂activator element 激活单元activator protein( AP)激活蛋白activator-dissociation system Ac-Ds 激活解离系统active chromatin 活性染色质active site活性部位adaptation 适应adapti
3、ve peak 适应高峰adaptive surface 适应面addition 附加物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive effect加性效应additive gene加性基因additive genetic variance加性遗传方差additive recombination 插人重组 additive resistance累加抗性adenosine 腺昔adenosine diphosphate (ADP )腺昔二鱗酸 adenosine triphosphate( ATP)腺昔三憐酸 adjacent segregatio
4、n 相邻分离 A- form DNA A 型 DNA akinetic chromosome无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment 无着丝粒片断 alien addition monosomic 外源单体生物 alien chromosome substitution 外源染色体代换 alien species 外源种alien-addition cell hybrid 异源附加细胞杂种alkylating agent 焼化剂allele 等位基因allele center 等位基因中心allele linkage analysis等位基因连锁分析allele specific ol
5、igonucleotide(ASO)等位基因特异的寡核苷酸allelic complement 等位（基因）互补allelic diversity 等位（基因）多样化allelic exclusion等位基因排斥allelic inactivation 等位（基因）失活allelic interaction 等位（基因）相互作用allelic recombination 等位（基因）重组allelic replacement 等位（基因）置换allelic series 等位（基因）系列allelic variation 等位（基因）变异allelism 等位性allelotype 等位（基因
6、）型allodiploid异源二倍体allohaploid 异源单倍体allopatric speciation 异域种alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid 异源多倍体allosyndesis 异源联会allotetraploid 异源四倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体alternation of generation世代交替alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation可变转录起始Alu repetitive sequence, Al
7、u family Alu 重复序列，Alu 家族 ambiguous codon多义密码子ambisense genome双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义 RNAaminoacyl-tRNA binding site氨酰基tRNA接合位点aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨酰基tRNA连接酶amixis 无融合 amorph无效等位基因amphidiploid 双二倍体 amphipolyploid 双多倍体 amplicon 扩增子 amplification扩增amplification primer扩增引物analysis of variance方差分析ana
8、phase (分裂）后期 anaphase bridge (分裂）后期桥 anchor cell锚状细胞androgamete 雄配子 aneuhaploid 非整倍单倍体 aneuploid非整倍体animal genetics动物遗传学annealing 复性antibody 抗体 anticoding strand 反编码链 anticodon 反密码子 anticodon arm 反密码子臂 anticodon loop反密码子环antiparallel 反向平行 antirepressor 抗阻抑物 antisense RNA 反义 RNA antisense strand 反义链a
9、pogamogony无融合结实apogamy 无配子生殖 apomixis无融合生殖arm ratio (染色体)臂比artificial gene人工基因artificial selection人工选择asexual hybridization无性杂交asexual propagation无性繁殖asexual reproduction无性生殖assortative mating 选型交配asynapsis 不联会asynaptic gene 不联会基因 atavism 返祖atelocentric chromosome非端着丝粒染色体attached X chromosome 并连 X 染
10、色体attachment site 附着位点attenuation 衰减attenuator 衰减子autarchic gene 自效基因auto-alloploid 同源异源体autoallopolyploid 同源异源多倍体autobivalent同源二阶染色体auto-diploid同源二倍体；自体融合二倍体autodiploidization同源 二倍化autoduplication 自体复制autogenesis自然发生autogenomatic同源染色体组autoheteroploidy 同源异倍性autonomous transposable element 自主转座单元auto
11、nomously replicating sequence(ARS)自主复制序列autoparthenogenesis 自发单性生殖autopolyhaploid同源多倍单倍体autopolyploid 同源多倍体autoradiogram 放射自显影图autosyndetic pairing 同源配对autotetraploid 同源四倍体autozygote 同合子auxotroph营养缺陷体B chromosome B 染色体B1，first backcross generation 回交第一代B2，second backcross generation回交第二代back mutatio
12、n 回复突变backcross 回交 backcross hybrid回交杂种backcross parent回交亲本backcross ratio回交比率background genotype 背景基因型bacterial artification chromosome( BAC )细菌人工染色体 Bacterial genetics细菌遗传学Bacteriophage 噬菌体 balanced lethal平衡致死balanced lethal gene平衡致死基因balanced linkage平衡连锁balanced load 平衡负荷 balanced polymorphism平衡多
13、态现象balanced rearrangements 平衡重组 balanced tertiary trisomic 平衡三级三体 balanced translocation 平衡异位 balancing selection 平衡选择 band analysis谱带分析banding pattern (染色体)带型 basal transcription apparatus基础转录装置base analog 碱基类似物 base analogue 类減基 base content 减基含量 base exchange碱基交换base pairing mistake碱基配对错误base pai
14、ring rules碱基配对法则base substitution减基置换base transition减基转换base transversion减基颠换base-pair region碱基配对区base-pair substitution碱基配对替换basic number of chromosome染色体基数behavioral genetics行为遗传学behavioral isolation行为隔离bidirectional replication双向复制bimodal distribution 双峰分布 binary fission 二分裂 binding protein 结合蛋白b
15、inding site结合部位binucleate phase 双核期 biochemical genetics生化遗传学biochemical mutant 生化突变体 biochemical polymorphism生化多态性bioethics生物伦理学biogenesis 生源说 bioinformatics生物信息学biological diversity生物多样性biometrical genetics生物统计遗传学（简称生统遗传学)bisexual reproduction两性生殖bisexuality 两性现象bivalent 二价体blending inheritance 混合遗传blo
