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1、英语句子成分和5种基本句型英语的基本成分有八种：主，谓，宾一、一。1. 主语：是句子要说明的人或物，说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句皆可做主语。巩固练习|划出以下句子的主语：1) Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2) Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.3) Twoandtenistwelve.4) Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5) Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6) Whatweshalldonextisnot
2、yetdecidedItseemedthathedidnttellthetruth.2. 谓语：说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语(predicate或谓语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由动词或动词短语构成。复杂的谓语由“助动词+实意动词”构成。巩固练习I划出以下句子的谓语：1) Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2) Iwouldliketoinviteallmyfriendshere.3) 1havetriedthiswaythreetimes.4) WeshouldpayattentiontotheEnglishidiom
3、s.5) Heisworkinginthegarden.3. 表语：位于系动词(如be,become之后，与系动词一？起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。表语一般由形容词、名词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句充当。巩固练习|划出以下句子的表语：1) Wangsfatherisadoctor.2) Sheremainedsilent.3) Thebasketballmatchison.4) Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5) Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6) HisworkisteachingFrench.7) Theques
4、tioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.8) Hegotcaughtforspeeding.4. 宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面巩固练习|划出以下句子的宾语：1) WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2) Themedicineisgoodforthisboy.3) DoyouunderstandwhatImean?4) Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5) Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6) Ifounditdiff
5、iculttofinishthetaskintime.7) Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?语法银司LA:习惯上要接不定式作宾语且不能接动名词作宾语的动词有：afford付得起agree同意apply申请arrange安排ask要求care想要choose决定decide决定demand要求desire请求determine决心expect期待help帮助hope希望intend打算pretend假装fail失败B:习惯上要接动名词作宾语且不能接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit承认讨论excuse原谅foadiviee原谅建议tion提
6、Jplpern允许许consider虑dislike欢CA还有少数动词：a+sy.+设想stho如像informsb.ofsth.remindsb.ofsth.%1robsb.ofsthcheatcuresb.ofsth.foagiviee原谅建议tion提创pern允许午考delay隹退enjoy喜爱完成想没妊不喜finishimaginemissavoid避兔discussappreciate感激deny否认escape逃脱forbid禁止keep丨原谅pardonprohibit禁ridsb.ofsthsuggest议止险stopriskreportsbwarnsb.ofsth.?acc
7、usesb.ofsth.?ofsth.manage设法offer主动提出plan计戈寸prepare准备希望promise答应refuse拒绝want想要wish巩固练习D.havinglostD.havinglost01.1mustntannoymybossbecauseIcantaffordmyjob.A.losingB.toloseC.tohavelost02.Wearrangedtomeetatthecinemaat7.30,buthefailed.A.toturnupB.toturndownC.turningup03.1wouldnthaveD.turningdownofferedt
8、heplantsifrdknownthereweresomany.A.towaterB.wateringC.wateredD.tohavewatered04.Theyshouldntallowhere;thestreetistoonarrow.A.toparkB.parkedC.beingparkedD.parking05.Sheimaginedintotheofficeandeveiyonewhatshethoughtofthem.A.walking,tellingB.towalk,totellC.towalk,tellingD.walking,totell06.Peter,whohadbe
9、endrivingallday,suggestedatthenexttown.A.tostopB.stoppedC.stoppingD.havingstopped07.Ifyourewritingtoyourmother,dontforgetsomethingabouthercomingtostay.A.toputinB.puttinginC.togaveputinD.havingputin08.Weregretpassengersthatthe14.50trainforCardiffwillleaveabout37minuteslate.A.toinformB.informingC.info
10、rmedD.havinginformed09.Shestoppedaboutherillnessandwentonusaboutallherotherproblems.A.talking,tellingB.totalk,totellC.talking,totellD.totalk,telling10.Hebeganbyuswheretheislandwasandwentonusaboutitsclimate.A.showing,tellingB.toshow,totellC.showing,totellD.toshow,telling定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中
11、常用的表示。定语一般由形容词、名词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句充当。定语按照位置可分为前置定语和后置定语。奥曲练习I划出以下句子的定语：Maryisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.%1Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.%1Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.%1TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.%1Thetreesplantedlastyearar
12、egrowingwellnow.%1Ihaveanideatodoitwell.%1YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.5. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、畐恫或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等句子成分。I巩固练习I划出以下句子的状语：1) Shesingsquitewell.2) OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3) Arrivingthere,callmeup.4) Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5) IfIhavesomesparetime,Iwilltake
13、upGerman.6) Heisveryhandsome.7) Tobehonest,Iprefertostayathomeonsuchahotday.7补语：用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补肌固练匚羽划出以下句子的补语:A,主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.B.宾补:在宾语后而补充说明宾语的动作，状态，特征.Weelectedhimmonitor.Wefoundnobodyin.Dontlethimdothat.
14、Dontkeepthefireburning.小结.Wewillmakethemhappy.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson,rilhavemybikerepaired.只的？妾动词原形做宾补的动词：只能接劫词？ing做宾林的动词：只能接动词过去分词做宾补的动词:常见接形容词做宾补的动词：8.同位语是在名词或代词之后，对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。|巩湎域习|划出以下句子的同位语：Westudentsshouldstudyhard.Th
15、isisourbestplayer,James.Thenewsthatwerehavingaholidaytomorrowistrue.英语五种基本句型绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S+V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十0主谓宾结构S十V十01十02主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S=主语；V=动词；P=表语；O=宾语；oi=间接宾语；02二直接宾语；C二宾语补足语|1.基本句型一：1S+V主谓结构一这种句型中的曲词大多是不及物动词,这些动词争L的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise等等。如：1) LiMingworksveryhard.2) Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.3) Springiscoming.4) Wehavglivedinthecityfortenyears.2. 圣在有型二：IS十V十P主系表结构孔为彖易词，仓本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性
