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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题(含答案带详解)1. 单选题2009 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade.(1 )was 2008, and before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry revenues have been(2 )for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe thats because i
2、llegal downloads are so easy. People have been (3 ) intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly (4 ) copies. These days, high-quality copies are (5 ). According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do
3、iTunes and other legal shops.Id like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice wont do much harm. But even as Ive heard over the past decade that things werent (6 )bad,that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each years numbers have been worse. Maybe it
4、s time to admit that we may never find a way to(7 ) consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.(8 )8 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property
5、 doesnt always (9 ) that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract. “The nature of intellectual property,” he wrote,“ makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic (10 ) that keep(s) us from taking each others things. ”问题1选项A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So问题2选项A.sta
6、gnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying问题3选项A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating问题4选项A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable问题5选项A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless问题6选项A.soB.thisC.thatD.much问题7选项A.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equate问题8选项A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.Drawing问
7、题9选项A.match up withB.fill inC.fit intoD.set up问题10选项A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:C第9题:C第10题:A【解析】(1)考查固定用法。前一句说到,2009年是唱片公司十年来最糟糕的一年。综合选项和句意,本句表示,2008,2007和2006年也一样。四个选项中只有so的用法符合要求,“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词”结构表示“也一样”。因此D选项符合题意。(2)考查动词辨析。stagnate“使淤
8、塞;停滞”;decline“下降;衰退”;increase“增加;增长”;stultify“使变无效、无价值”。根据前文的“the worst year”可知本句依然表示消极意义,也就是industry revenues依然在下降。因此B选项符合题意。(3)考查动词辨析。前一句中提到“illegal downloads stagnate”,说明本句的动作是属于违法行为,对于音乐不存在抢劫和偷盗行为,只有pirate“盗用;剽窃”符合语义。因此D选项符合题意。(4)考查形容词辨析。upgraded“提升的,改善的”;inferior“差的,下级的”;ineffective“无效的;不起作用的”;
9、preferable“更好的”。前面部分提到几个世纪以来,一直有人在盗用知识产权,也就是在生产复制品,而盗版做出的复制品肯定会有质量问题,因此空格处应填“劣质的(复制品)”。因此B选项符合题意。(5)考查形容词辨析。numerous “许多的”;ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;accessible“易接近的”;effortless“容易的,不费力气的”。文中提到,以前的盗版产品很耗时间,与现在形成对比,现在是轻而易举的事情。因此D选项符合题意。(6)考查词语辨析。本句句意:正如我过去十年里听说的那样,情况并没有那么糟糕。糟糕的情况是指上文提到的,所以用that代替。so只能指代刚刚提及的事
10、物(同一句或接近语句)。因此C选项符合题意。(7)考查固定搭配。本句句意:也许是时候承认,我们可能永远无法找到一种方式,想要享受免费娱乐的消费者与那些想要获得报酬的创作者。句中的who want free entertainment是consumer的定语从句,因此句中存在sb. with sb.的结构,而选项中只有reconcile有这个用法,表示“使与协调”。因此C选项符合题意。(8)考查动词辨析。based on“基于”;capitalizing on“有效利用”;reflecting on“反思”;drawing on“借鉴,借助于”。句意:最近,计算机神经科学家Anders Sand
11、berg了这个问题。对于问题,与之搭配的自然是反思。因此C选项符合题意。(9)考查词组辨析。match up with“和相配”;fill in“填充”;fit into“适合;与融为一体”;set up“建立”。本句中提到,虽然我们对所有权有强烈的本能感觉,但知识产权并不总是那框架。这里选用表示轮廓合适的“fit into”更合适。因此C选项符合题意。(10)考查名词辨析。constraint“约束,局促”;consciousness “意识”;norm“标准”;etiquette “礼节,规矩”。空格后的定语从句用来修饰空格中次,从句中的动词keepfrom就等同于词义,因此A选项符合题意
12、。2. 单选题Brides are increasingly shunning summer weddings and getting married during winter _ to cut costs amid the economic gloom, figures suggest.问题1选项A.instead ofB.otherwiseC.insteadD.rather than【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。空格处词语需要修饰后面动词不定式,词性限制为副词。instead of“代替;而不是”是介词短语,A选项排除;otherwise“否则;另外”;instead“代替;相反”;r
13、ather than“而不是”。句意:数据显示,为了在经济低迷时期削减成本,越来越多的新娘避开夏季婚礼在冬季结婚。因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题As the director cant come to the reception, Im representing the company _.问题1选项A.on his accountB.on his behalfC.for his partD.in his interest【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。on ones account“为了某人”;on ones behalf“代表”;for ones part“对某人来说”;in ones
14、interest无此短语用法。句意:因为主管不能出席招待会,我代表他参加。因此B选项符合题意。4. 单选题The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to ( )or to root out, apart from monarchy.问题1选项A.discardB.discreetC.discordD.disgorge【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格后的or代表并列关系,因此选项应与root out动词词性相符合。discard“抛弃,丢弃”;discreet“谨慎的”,没有动词用法;discord“不一致”;disgorge“吐出,被迫交出”。句意:除了君主政体,美国革命没有中世纪的法律制度可以废除或。因此A选项符合题意。5. 名词解释(1) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a co