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1、电大文学英语赏析期末复习重点参考资料小抄1. Figures of Speech 修辞格 P15-19Simile 明喻：one thing is compared with another, usually using the word like, as. Metaphor 暗喻 : when we make a direct comparison between one idea and another unrelated idea. Alliteration 头韵 : when the same consonant sound (辅音) is repeated in words eith
2、er next to or close to each other. Assonance 半韵 : Assonance refers to the repetition of similar vowel sounds(元音) close to each other. Personification 拟人 ：when a non-animate（无生命） object is given animate（有生命） characteristics. Parallelism 排比 ： when we have an identical structure repeated one or more ti
3、mes. Irony(and Sarcasm) 讽刺 : On one level, a persons words do not match their intention; on another level, irony refers to the total situation. Puns and wordplay 双关 : 有发音双关和词义双关。2.句子或单词的正式程度：degrees of formality: very informal informalneutral(中性)formal - very formal单词： general(普通) - specific （特殊）3.
4、the Short Story 六要素 P29Plot 情节 ：opening development - climax/ crisis (高潮) anticlimaxcoda （结尾） The Sniper (阻击手) ： 小说故事发生地点：on a rooftop near OConnell Bridge P32 Setting 地点 ： refers to the physical location and the background information about the reason for telling the story and information we may ne
5、ed about the main character or characters P36 Characterization 人物刻画 : appearance ( 外貌) ， dialogue (对话)， behavior(行为) P39 Point of View 角度，视角 ： P41-42 1) first person narrative 第一人称。代表作：The Paring knife 2) “ I am a camera” third person narrative 照相机式第三人称。代表作： The Sniper 3) third person narrative seen
6、 from only one of the characters point of view, 代表作：Night4) third person narrative seen from two or more different characters point of view ,代表作：Rosary5) third person omniscient(无所不知的) narrative, 代表作：Yours4. Time Structure 时间结构 P44-451) the linear (顺叙)：the action proceeds as in real time, one event
7、follows another代表作：The Sniper , 和 Room for one more 2) the flashback （倒叙），usually works by starting a story at a point in the recent past, then switching the action back to an earlier time, farther back in the past. At the end it will usually bring us back to the same time zone we started from. 代表作：
8、The Paring knife, 和 Bluebells and Autumn Leaves 和Words Long Unspoken 3) the moving point (移动点)：when the writer shifts abruptly back and forth between different time zones. 代表作：Mother 5. Short Story短篇小说： 5.1) Hills Like White Elephant 白象似的群山： P51作者：Ernest Hemingway: American novelist and short story
9、writer. Nobel Prize Winner 诺贝尔文学奖(1954)获得者.文体风格：prose style- economical, direct and immediate.故事地点：a train station in Spain故事内容：一对情侣在火车站等车时，两人在小店喝一种licorice(苦艾酒)饮料，双方为了abortion（堕胎）不愉快经历。 5.2) The Man Who Talked to Trees 和树交谈的人： P54作者：Alan Maley 他的作品还有： Words Long Unspoken 好久没有说的话 5.3） Eveline 伊芙林： P
10、57作者：James Joyce : Irish novelist, poet, one of the innovative writers of the 20th century. Master of stream of consciousness (意识流大师)代表作：Dubliners 都柏林人，Ulysses 尤利西斯， In Finnegans Wake 为芬尼根守灵故事内容：It presents us with the dilemma(进退两难)of a young girl, Eveline, living as a domestic slave to her violent
11、father and younger siblings(兄弟)， who has the chance to escape to a new life with her lover.5.4) Thief 小偷 作者：Robley Welson P59 5.5) Paper Pills 纸丸 P62 作者：Sherwood Anderson: writer between two wars 代表作：Winesburg, Ohio 俄亥俄州温斯堡 6. Novels 长篇小说： 6.1) A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌： P66作者： Charles Dickens 主人翁： a ol
12、d miser (吝啬鬼)， Scrooge6.2) Heart of Darkness黑暗的心： P68 作者： Joseph Conrad 故事内容： The adventurer , Marlow 在Thames 河口向一群水手介绍去Congo River 探险寻找一位神秘人Kurtz 6.3） Lord of the Flies苍蝇王： P72 作者：Golding: Nobel Prize Winner 诺贝尔文学奖(1983)获得者.故事内容： a group of schoolboys survive an air-crash（空难），后来分裂成两派，正方代表有Ralph, Pi
13、ggy, Simon, 反方代表以Jack为首，最后正方失败。故事结尾出现cruiser(巡洋舰)，暗示着人类好战破坏的价值观the warlike, destructive values of adult。Lord of the Flies is a dystopla(反面乌托邦)。Golding makes and intertextual reference（映射） to the 19th century novel for boysCoral Island (珊瑚岛)by R.M. Ballantine, which presents an optimistic, romanticiz
14、ed, idealistic story of some boys shipwrecked (船只失事) on a coral island.6.4) Jane Eyre简爱： P74 作者： Charlotte Bronte 主人翁：Jane Eyre 和Mr. Rochester她小说主题 themes- passionate love, love for a married man, woman as an independent agent in a male-dominated world. Jane Eyre 曾经当过governess （家庭教师） 6.5） The Pearl珍
15、珠： P77作者： Steinbeck: Nobel Prize Winner 诺贝尔文学奖(1974)获得者故事内容：Kino, a poor fisherman, 因为得到一个硕大珍珠，最后家破人亡。6.6）The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde杰克医生和海德先生的奇案： P81故事内容：杰克白天是一名受人尊敬的医生，晚上服用一种药物，就变成无恶不作的坏人海德先生，最后药物失控，事情败露，自杀。6.7）A Burnt-Out Case病毒发尽的病例： 作者：Graham Greene P87 6.8) Wide Sargasso Sea茫茫沧海：作者：Jean Rhys P90Wide Sargasso Sea takes the
